A REPORT ON EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS FOR PARENTS OF ROSSMAN SCHHOL
This folder is based on a report that was given to Mrs. Betz called,
NOTES ON PREPAREDNESS FOR NATURAL AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS WITH EMPHASIS ON
EARTHQUAKES FOR ROSSMAN SCHOOL, prepared by Ken Seger with editorial
assistance by Patt and Jerry Welk. This report updates the older one and adds
information for homeowners and parents.
Copyright Notice: All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United
States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval
system, without prior explicit written permission from the author.
If you find the information in this file of use to you, would you please send
$10 to Rossman School, 12660 Conway Road, St. Louis,MO 63141 with the check
made out to Rossman Parents Club. The funds will be used to purchase
additional survival equipment for the children.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ii
THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEXT AND THE NATURE OF DECISIONS 1
PROBABILITY OF DAMAGE FROM AN EARTHQUAKE 2
VARIOUS SCENARIOS AND HAZARDS FROM AN EARTHQUAKE 4
TRAINING OPTIONS 6
EQUIPMENT OPTIONS 7
VARIOUS LEVELS OF PREPAREDNESS AVAILABLE 8
SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATES FOR EQUIPMENT 11
PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS PACKS FOR FACULTY AND STAFF 13
RETROFITTING THE EXISTING BUILDINGS 14
RECOMMENDATIONS 15
ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN 16
CLOSING COMMENTS 18
APPENDIX
1. Nuclear War and how it relates to earthquake preparedness 19
2. Other cultures and preparedness 20
3. Sources for preparedness supplies with price estimates 21
4. Survivalist information resources 23
5. Various survival packs for office, home, and car 25
6. Water 30
7. Information for homeowner 35
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND PARTIAL EXPLANATION OF USES OF EQUIPMENT 36
i
PREFACE
When I first started writing this text it began as an 18 KiloByte outline
of the steps Rossman School should take to be prepared for an earthquake. This
quickly grew to 28K with the addition of more information. Soon a glossary
and more additional information was added bringing the total to 58K.
Additional activities were added bringing the K up to 70. At that point the
entire file was reorganized and an explanation of what the term survivalism
really means was included. Hopefully this trend will continue through the
future years as additional information, techniques, supplies, and training are
added to improve the disaster preparedness capability of Rossman School.
I would like to thank Patt and Jerry Welk for their encouragement and
editing of this text. One of their criticisms was the inclusion of the words
survivalist and survivalism. They felt, and rightly so, that the term
survivalist has acquired a notorious connotation recently. They suggested
that those terms should be replaced with blander, image-neutral terms.
While the negative connotation might be the accepted definition for people
who assume that everything they read or hear in the mass media is the absolute
truth, a more accurate picture is acquired by those who search for what is
true and what is false concerning the survivalist movement.
There are individuals and groups, incorrectly labeled as "survivalist" by
the mass media, who are not worthy of the name. These incorrectly labeled
people tend to be political or religious extremists who violate the principles
of survivalism (see appendix #4) by neither helping others nor advocating
freedom. Even though true survivalists outnumber the falsely labeled
"survivalists" by over 100 to 1, the true survivalists get less than 5% of any
mass media coverage. This merely reflects the mass media's appetite for bad
news versus good news.
Since the activities suggested in this text are PRECISELY what true
survivalism is all about, the terms survivalist and survivalism have been
retained, and rightfully so.
I have been studying the topic of survivalism since 1982. Since 1983, I
have been a member of LIVE FREE which is the world's oldest (founded in the
early 60's) and largest survivalist organization, been a life member since
1985, been a Live Free Certified Survival Instructor since 1988 and have given
lectures on nutrition, nuclear war survival skills, and water purification at
various LIVE FREE seminars. I have an extensive library of survivalist
literature and subscriptions to all major survivalist newsletters and
magazines written in English in the USA, Australia and Europe. I have
participated in the various survivalist computer/modem information networks
since 1984 and have been the SYStem OPerator and host node of a survivalist
BBS since 1986.
Anyone who would care to examine what real survivalists are truly like
should refer to appendix #4 for a brief explanation of the topic and sources
of additional information from which they can derive their own conclusions.
Ken Seger, March 1990, St. Louis
This text is now over 120K and is a much better training document than
the original which was more geared to advocacy and information. I would like
to add that I currently teach at the Infinity Self-Reliance Center in
Harrisburg, MO. I would hope that anybody reading this document would assume
that everything I say is wrong and proceed to go out and try to prove it by
studying the topics herein. That way they would learn more about the enclosed
information. If anybody can find better products or prices than the ones
mentioned here, PLEASE let me know your source if the source is a retail
establish that others can patronize.
Ken Seger, Oct. 1990, St. Louis
ii
THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEXT
WHAT THIS TEXT IS FOR
The purpose of these notes is neither to forecast a disaster nor
recommend a specific line of action, but to serve as a framework for
discussion of the different levels of earthquake hazard, and show the many
different methods and levels of preparedness to cope with those hazards.
There is no way to predict, with any degree of confidence, when or how
strongly an earthquake will occur. While people such as Dr. Iben Browning
have predicted the New Madrid to quake on Dec. 3, 1990 plus or minus 3 days,
most other authorities place their predictions in decades rather than in days.
Even in the highly unlikely event that this particular disaster does
occur between Oct.31 and Dec. 7th, other types of disasters can certainly
occur before and after those days.
If you are moderately prepared for a major earthquake, you are very well
prepared for smaller disasters, and at minimum, partially prepared for other
larger disasters.
Different levels of problems are identified as ideal, fair, poor, and
worst case conditions in the following categories: time of day, time of year,
weather, utilities, building damage, support services, level of damage and
duration of emergency conditions.
Levels of preparedness are organized around the topics of shelter,
lighting, water, food, sanitation, heating and cooling, medical, communication
and safety requirements. Each of these topics is covered to illustrate how
different levels of preparedness can be obtained.
WHAT THIS TEXT IS NOT FOR
Just because the different categories of problems happen to be lumped into
a single problem level does NOT mean that this is likely to be the case in an
actual disaster situation. The likelihood of a disaster staying within such
nicely defined parameters is practically nil. It is most likely to be a mixed
bag of events. In the same vein, the topics in the levels of preparedness
are grouped ONLY to show that different levels of preparedness can be sought
and they are not meant to be a rigid set of goals. Different levels in
different topics will be chosen based on perceived needs and the amount of
money and man-hours available for the preparedness project.
THE NATURE OF DECISIONS
If one accepts as true the saying, "The act of not making a decision in
itself is a form of making a decision", then one can expand that to, "The act
of not even considering a topic at all is itself a form of a decision." If
that is the case, then most people have made the decision to be very
unprepared for an earthquake or any other major disaster.
Let us look at what that decision entails. People have decided that in a
major disaster they will most likely be without safe drinking water, they will
only have whatever form of shelter happens to be available at the time,
communications will only be that which is usually available, if intact, there
will be no provision for emergency light, bedding or shelter, and that easily
corrected hazards will not be eliminated causing great property damage to
carpeting, materials, furniture, books, etc.
Now that the topic has been brought up, I hope that the old passive
decision will be rejected and replaced with a new actively made and acted upon
decision. Hopefully this document will make this change occur sooner than it
would have otherwise and long before it is needed.
As one seismologist stated, "You need to choreograph an earthquake well
in advance, otherwise you will NOT like the dance."
Another appropriate saying is, "That it is better to be a decade early
than a day late."
SO WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF A QUAKE?
According to a Memphis State University study, the chance of a major
earthquake from the New Madrid fault is:
Richter Scale Probability of occurrence by the year
2000 2040
6.7 50% 90%
7.6 10% 25%
8.3 1% 3%
A Southeast Missouri State University at Cape Girardeau study gives the
odds as:
Richter Scale Probability of occurrence by the year
2000 2040
6.3 50% 90%
7.6 10% 25%
8.6 1% 3%
Cyclologist Eben Browning is predicting a sightly less than 50% chance
of a 7.0+ Richter quake on Dec. 13th 1990 plus or minus 2 days.
But what does that mean? What does the Richter scale indicate?
The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale and refers only to the power of
the earthquake and by itself does not predict the level of damage. An
earthquake of Richter 8.0 has the same amount of power as 32 - Richter 7.0
quakes or 1,024 - Richter 6.0 quakes or 32,768 - Richter 5.0 quakes. In other
words, to dissipate the amount of energy that could be released by one single
Richter scale 7.0 earthquake would require a Richter scale 4.0 earthquake to
occur every single hour for three years and nine months or a Richter scale 5.0
earthquake to occur every hour for six weeks.
In 1985 Dr. Otto Nuttli, professor of geophysics at St. Louis University,
estimated that the New Madrid quakes in the 5 month period of 1811-1812,
ranged as high as 8.0 to 8.8 Richter and that 15 to 18 of the aftershocks
ranged from 6.5 to 7.0 Richter. Others estimate that 5 of the two dozen or so
major quakes were 8.0 or higher. In 1985, the amount of energy stored in the
fault was enough to produce an earthquake of 7.6 Richter according to Dr.
Nuttli. The last large quake was in 1895 and estimated at 6.0 Richter. It is
estimated that a quake of this size should occur about every 80 years. Due to
the difference in geology, a quake in the midwest will have a damage area 20
times larger than the same quake would have in California.
It is virtually impossible to predict at what Richter scale a major quake
would occur. Even if it were, it would be equally difficult to predict the
precise damage level that would occur in the St. Louis area.
Since the Richter scale only tells what the "horsepwer" of a quake is and
not what damge the quake generates, a different scale is use to express level
of damage. The scale for measuring or predicting damage is the Modified
Mercalli Index, which is as follows.
Level 1 - People do not feel any earth movement.
Level 2 - A few people might notice movement.
Level 3 - Many people indoors feel movement. Hanging objcts swing.
Level 4 - Most people indoors feel movement. Dishes, windows, and doors
rattle. Walls and frames of structures creak. Liquids in open vessels are
slightly disturbed. Parked cars rock.
Level 5 - Almost everyone feels movement. Most people are awakened.
Doors swing open or closed. Dishes are broken. Pictures on the wall move.
Windows crack in some cases. Small objects move or are turned over. Liquids
might spill out of open containers.
Level 6 - Everyone feels movements. Poorly built buildings are damaged
slightly. Considerable quanities of dishes and glassware, and some windows
are broken. People have trouble wallking. Pictures fall off walls. Objects
fall from shelves. Plaster in walls might crack. Some furniture is
overturned. Small bells in churches, chapels and schools rings.
Level 7 - Damage is slight to moderate in well-built buildings. Numerous
windows and some furniture are broken. Considerable damage occurs to concrete
irrigation ditches. Weak chimneys break at roof lines. People have difficulty
standing. Loose bricks fall from buildings, heavy furniture overturns, many
windows break. Considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed
buildings, adobe houses, old walls, spires and others. Some sand and gravel
stream banks cave in.
Level 8 - Drivers have difficulty steering, towers and chimneys fall,
tree branches break and poorly built structures suffer severe damage.
Ordinary substantial buildings partially collapse. Trees shaken strongly with
branches and trunks broken off. Slight damage occurs in brick structures built
especially to withstand earthquakes. Buildings partially collapse. Stone walls
are cracked or broken seriously. Tall structures such a towers and chimneys
might twist and fall. Temporary or permanent changes in springs and wells.
Level 9 - Ground is cracked conspicuously. Considerable damage occurs in
masonry structures built especially to withstand earthquakes. Some buildings
collapse. Underground pipes sometimes broken. Most buildings suffer damage.
Houses that are not bolted down move off their foundation. Some buildings
collapse and underground pipes sometimes broken. Reservoirs suffer severe
damage.
Level 10 - Well-built wooden structures are severely damaged and some
destroyed. Most masonry and frame structures are destroyed, including their
foundations. Some bridges are destroyed. Dams are seriously damaged. Large
landslides occurs. Water is thrown on the banks of canals, rivers, and lakes.
Railroad tracks are bent slightly. Cracks are opened in cement pavements and
asphalt road surfaces.
Level 11 - Few if any masonry structures remain standing. Large well-
built bridges are destroyed. Wood frame structures are severely damaged.,
especially near the epi-center. Buried pipelines are rendered completely
usless. Railroad tracks are badly bent. Water mixed with sand and mud is
ejected in large amounts.
Level 12 - Damage is total and nearly all works of constructions are
damaged greatly or destroyed. Objects are thrown into the air. The ground
moves in waves or ripples. Large amounts of rock may move. Lakes are damned,
waterfalls formed and rivers are deflected.
For St. Louis county, the highest Mercalli levels for a given Richter
quake in theNew Madrid fualt will be as follows:
6.7 Richter - level 7
7.6 Richter - level 8
8.6 Richter - level 9
Please note that those levels are the highest likely and those damage
levels will NOT be uniform throughout the St. Louis area. Some areas will be
devastated while others nearby will suffer only minor damage.
It is estimated that a 7.4 Richter scale quake will do approximately six
billion dollars in damage in just the state of Missouri.
Even if there is only a 0.1% chance of an earthquake happening, if it
happens, it happens. One can not control the likelihood of an earthquake
occurring, but one can control the amount of preparedness for an earthquake or
other disaster.
WHAT IS THE RANGE OF POSSIBLE CONDITIONS?
When a quake happens, the magnitude of problems will be dependent on the
severity of the quake and other circumstances not related to the quake: time
of day, time of year, weather conditions and the ability of governmental
services and parents to provide assistance.
IDEAL CONDITIONS
Time of day - during the middle of the night when nobody is at school
Time of year - during winter or spring break, summer vacation, or on a weekend
when nobody is here!
Weather - mild spring or fall, nice temperatures with no wind
Utilities - no loss of electricity, phone, gas, water, or sewer
Building - a few books and art projects knocked off of the shelves, a few
minor cracks in windows or walls
Police/fire/hospital - there and ready, available by phone and everybody in
the yellow pages waiting to take your money
Injuries - no people at school equals no injuries
Damage level - no major problems, quake was a small one
Duration - at no time were there emergency conditions
FAIR CONDITIONS
Time of day - before school when just staff and faculty are in or after the PM
carpool is over when there are a just a few students and most of the
staff and faculty are still here
Time of year - spring or fall during a school day
Weather - spring or fall with rain, or summer or winter with very mild
temperatures and winds and no precipitation
Utilities - no electricity, water pressure low, however, the gas, phone and
sewer are working
Building - numerous small cracks in drywall, a few windows shattered, some
windows with substantial cracks, many windows with minor cracks, repairs
not covered by insurance by Board of Trustee's Discretionary funds
Police/fire/hospital - available but only for critical emergencies, triage is
much tighter than usual
Injuries - lots of bruises and scrapes, some minor cuts, just a few
significant injuries such as major cuts, sprained or strained joints or
broken bones
Damage level - the quake was significant, and some aftershocks are expected
Duration - most students are picked up before sundown with just a few being
picked up the next day, utilities return to normal in a day or so
POOR CONDITIONS
Time of day - around AM or PM carpool when there are many parents at school
available to help
Time of year - a hot summer or a cold winter school day
Weather - summer with rain and wind or winter with snow and wind
Utilities - only the phone is working, and it is overloaded with long delays
for connections
Bbuilding - significant damage, most windows broken or cracked, some
deformation at a few door frames, repairable, but expensive, a loan is
needed to cover repairs and expenses until lawsuit with insurance company
is resolved
Police/fire/hospital - difficult to get to or contact, services are very
overburdened
Injuries - numerous minor cuts, abrasions and bumps, several significant
injuries and one life threatening injury such as sucking chest wound,
severe bleeding, shock, etc.
Damage level - major quake, aftershocks are numerous but smaller
Duration - moderate number of students have been picked up by 9PM but the
balance are not picked up until noon of the next day with a few distant
students not picked up for another day or so
WORST CASE POSSIBLE SCENARIO
Time of day - between 9AM and 2AM when there are the fewest number of parents
available for assistance
Time of year - either the heat of summer or the cold of winter
Weather - summer/no clouds, high heat, drying winds or winter/clouds, 35-40
degrees with rain
Utilities - none except gas (leaking), no water, electricity or phone
Building - Profound damage to older building. Due to the collapse of pantry
wall, the gas shut-off valve is inaccessible with strong smell of gas
around valve. Gym & the new wing have damage of brickwork and
deformation at corners. Both are suitable for shelter with some risk,
however children are afraid to enter. Older building may not be
financially worth fixing. Insurance company files for Chapter 11
bankruptcy.
Police/fire/hospital - No phones to call for assistance, besides all services
hopelessly swamped with other demands. Conway road hopelessly clogged
due to cracked pavement and people trying to get to St.John's & St.Luke's
Injuries - bleeding major and minor, sucking chest wounds, eye injuries,
broken arms, legs of students, faculty and staff. Some cases of
hysteria, panic and catatonia of students, faculty and staff.
Damage level - high!, 8+ Richter as in the early 1810's
Duration - majority of parents unable to retrieve children until next day with
several faculty, staff and students who live farther out unable to go
home for a few days, electricity and phone will be out for at least week
PLEASE NOTE: Estimations of damages in all cases are HIGHLY speculative.
Actual damage to building is dependent on quality of land or landfill under
the building and underlying rock formations on which the preparer has no
meaningful data. Also the degree of resistance of buildings to seismic shock
is unknown to the preparer of this report.
TRAINING OPTIONS
FACULTY AND STAFF
Minimum - Review "duck and cover" techniques, review evacuation drills and
check that all Red Cross First Aid and CPR cards are current.
Good - Above plus retake standard classes
Better - Above plus see if 50 hour Red Cross course could be arranged, view
Practical Preparedness video and listen to the, What you Should Know
About Earthquakes, audiotape.
Best - Over the summer loan VCR (if needed) and view Nuclear War Survival
Skills video tapes 1-4 and Soviet Civil Defense video tapes 1-7. See
appendix #1
STUDENTS
Minimum - Incorporate "duck and cover" earthquake safety routines into the
fire/evacuation drill
Good - Talk about earthquakes and how they are rare, with effects usually
limited to minor building damage
Better - Tell about Rossman's preparations as is appropriate to age. Talk
about what you would do if you didn't have utilities for an hour or a day
etc.
Best - Practice skills in a drill, perhaps as an after school activity. Have
the children talk to Rowan-Woods students about their experiance of going
to school without having running water.
PARENTS
Minimum - Give all parents a sheet explaining what preparedness steps Rossman
School has taken.
Good - Offer general preparedness information to all parents interested.
Better - Offer a special meeting in which preparations are discussed and
demonstrated. Offer more detailed preparedness information.
Best - Form a Parent's Preparedness Club in which members can learn in more
detail about preparedness. Develop a Parent Volunteer list for
communications, assistance and housing of remote students, faculty and
staff during a disruption of normal transportation facilities.
EQUIPMENT NEEDS
Equipment is needed to fulfill the basic human needs of shelter, water,
food, sanitation, heating or cooling and medical needs. The secondary needs
of light and safety are important for the well being of the children as well.
SHELTER
Shelter is needed to protect the children, faculty and staff from
hypothermia, hyperthermia, rain, snow and wind. While high quality shelter
would be preferred, it should be remembered that the scope of this
preparedness plan only covers keeping the children from harm until their
parents can take over the children's needs.
WATER
Water that is both potable and palatable is needed for drinking,
sanitation, and possible food preparation.
FOOD
Food is needed for psychological aid more than physiological need if the
duration is a few hours. It is highly useful for group activity, a sense of
normalcy, comfort, etc.
SANITATION
"When ya gotta go, ya gotta go!" There will be enough stress in an
emergency without forcing the kids to use a trench toilet. Also, a emergency
toilet will help speed cleanup after the disaster.
HEATING AND COOLING
This demand will be minimal if reasonable shelter is provided. Cold and
hot packs might be needed in special cases for medical purposes.
MEDICAL
At least the basics are needed. A higher level of preparedness in this
topic allows greater safety.
COMMUNICATIONS
At least inward communications should be available to listen to AM and FM
radio. If units with an outward ability are purchased, SSB CBs would be the
minimum. Mobile and portable phones might be utilitized, if still
functioning.
LIGHTING
Illumination is needed for group activities, private activities, a
sense of security, special cases, etc.
SAFETY
Since Rossman is located in a low density, upper income area, this need
is unlikely. However, protection from rodents, dogs, other animals and humans
may always be a possibility.
LEVELS OF PREPAREDNESS
EASIEST PREPARATIONS ARE NO PREPARATIONS, BUT ALSO THE WORST
CURRENT LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS
Shelter - What is on everybody's back
Light - Each earthquake kit has two plastic flashlights and spare batteries
Water - How much do the water heaters hold?
Food - What is in the kitchen on average or lowest point?
Sanitation - Those two large bushes in the woods over there and hopefully a
shovel.
Heat/cooling - hmmmmm.....
Medical - First aid kits, oxygen system, splints, venom extractors, Epi-pen,
the medical supplies in the earthquake kits and whatever is in the
faculty and staff's cars.
Communication - clock radios, hope the phones still work, two three channel
standard CB's used for car pool with all three channels hopelessly
clogged by more powerful transmitters; therefore, if no phones,
communication with outside world consist of the gym teachers transporting
slips of paper.
Safety - There are trees from which switches can be cut.
SHOE STRING, MAKE DO JURY RIGGED
Shelter - A few rolls of 5 mil plastic and some rope (in the science room) are
a lot better than nothing for expedient tents.
Light - A battery operated fluorescent light as an area light
Water - a crystalline iodine "generator", a 5 gallon jug with tap and a
container of paper cups would help
Food - a 5 pound bag of hard candy is cheap and will last for years
Sanitation - for $10, two box style portapotties can be purchased via mail
order
Heat/cooling - a few instant cold packs and hot packs for the first aid kit
would be nice
Medical - additional supplies for acute injuries
Communication - at least one AM/FM radio with batteries to match, again the
batteries need to be rotated
Safety - mace, tear gas, cap-stun or other sprays are fairly effective
MINIMAL BUDGET
Shelter - a few large good tarps with ropes and tent spikes would be better
than plastic
Light - Another battery operated fluorescent light plus 6 cyalumes
Water - a few iodine purifiers with 25 gallons of water store at all times in
various locations would be nice and cost only $30
Food - Purchasing some foods that require no water or heat (if you don't mind
eating cold chicken with gravy, etc.)
Sanitation - The box style portapotties again but with the addition of a
portable sink (5 gal.)
Heat/cooling - quite a few heat and cold packs + some aluminized mylar sheets
(the so-called "space-blankets")
Medical - a second major kit can be added to be stored outside the building
Communication - one radio for scanning AM and another for FM, 20 year storage
D cells
Safety - a higher grade of anti-personnel incapacitating gas
MODERATE BUDGET
Shelter - a tent that would house two dozen children or any injured can be
purchased for $300
Light - numerous plastic flashlights with 20 yr. D cells, several fluorescent
lights with 20 year D cells, several cyalume sticks of various types
Water - Several iodine purifiers, with filter papers and activated charcoal to
improve palatability, some "Tang" or "Wylers" would be nice and multiple
stored water mylar/boxes in several locations
Food - a large meal in an MRE can be had for about $3.50 and will store for
years, a cheaper method would be to purchase MRE components
Sanitation - 3 box style portapotties, 2 - 5 gallon portable sinks and a
"solar" shower for cleaning spills and accidents
Heat/cooling - heat and cold packs, numerous space-blankets plus numerous
"space" sleeping bags
Medical - medical kit should contain all possible supplies that faculty and
staff are qualified to use
Communication - 1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV band radio with 20 yr D cells
Safety - a flare gun for signaling, or in a worst case scenario, defense
WELL BUDGETED, CONVENTIONAL
Shelter - an army surplus 16' x 32' tent can be boought for $500
Light - numerous Mag-lite flashlights with 20 year storage batteries,
fluorescent lanterns with 20 yr. batteries, cyalume sticks - several
bright white 30 minute units for special applications and various colored
12 hour units for night identification of people and objects
Water - Water storage as above with Katadyn microfiltration purifier and
activated charcoal filters
Food - 1 or 2 MREs for everybody, + additional foods for special requirements
Sanitation - 2 or 3 plastic hassock style portapotties, 3 - 5 gal. portable
sinks, 2 "solar" showers
Heat/cooling - all of the above with a small stove or immersion heater for
heating water. A kerosene lamp can also be used to heat water.
Medical - all medical supplies to cover a large number of minor problems, plus
a kit that would be useful for a General Practitioner M.D.
Communication - 1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV band, 1 - 40 channel SSB CB
Safety - sidearm locked in "gunsafe" with safety bullets ASSUMING several of
the faculty and staff are trained to use it in a proper safe and legal
manner.
VERY WELL BUDGETED, U.S.A. STYLE SURVIVALIST'S PREPARATIONS
Shelter - Standard "Fighting Chance" style blast/fallout/bio-chem war shelter
consisting of below ground cylindrical steel tank outfitted with hammocks
for all occupants and air blowers with purifiers.
Light - Protected deep-discharge battery operated fluorescent lights for the
shelter, with portable fluorescents and Mag-Lite with 20 year cells
Water - Shelter would be equipped with a well for cooling, sanitation and
drinking.
Food - For short-term, MREs, MR8s and freeze dried. For long term year-long,
Morman 4, Kearney Diet or Morman 4 + 40.
Sanitation - Each shelter equipped with chemical toilet and pump to a holding
tank buried outside shelter.
Heat/cooling - The shelter air and water systems can control any heating or
cooling needs.
Medical - as above plus a kit that would be useful for the highest qualified
M.D./parent in their various fields of medicine.
Communication - as above plus protected from lightning and EMP with antennas
for maximum range and clarity, plus phones between shelters
Safety - sidearm with shotshells for rodents, snakes and other short range (5
to 20 feet) problems plus a longarm for dogs, skunks and other problems
which need to be removed at a longer range (20 - 100 feet). Both
properly stored in a locked safe with safety ammunition.
FIRST CLASS PREPAREDNESS, TYPICAL SWISS GRADE SCHOOL
Shelter - Standard Swiss below ground blast/fallout/chem-biowar shelter
consisting of below ground reinforced concrete rooms with bunks for all
occupants with wartime air handling system. See appendix #2 for details.
As an alternative, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's 3,400 SQ. FT.
Blast-upgradable Hazard-resistant Earth Sheltered Residence could be
easily modified for a totally underground use at a savings of 20%.
Light - protected fluorescent lights run from generator or deep discharge
batteries plus all of the above portable lights
Water - A well as per Technical Directive 1966 2-7 which can provide 100 grams
water per hour per shelter space.
Food - Nestles Corp. Uberlebens Nahrung (survival rations)
Sanitation - A well and a septic system
Heat/cooling - standard Swiss blowers and filters for dust, radioactivity,
chemical and biological warfare air-bornes, blankets on all of the bunks
Medical - Standard "First Aid Post" (also known as a Protected Practice) with
32 beds for triage and first aid with supplies, or "First Aid Station"
with 120 to 140 beds or bunks with an operating table for triage, first
aid, and final treatment of lightly wounded patients
Communication - EMP hardened radios, separate units for AM, FM, TV, Emergency
channels, SSB CB, HAM and shortwave
Safety - "All facilities can operate for several days independent from the
outer world." - OUR CIVIL DEFENSE p.16, plus a standard soldier's kit of
full-auto military rifle, helmet, backpack, etc. for all males. See
Appendix #2 for additional information.
ADDITIONAL ITEMS FOR PREPAREDNESS - Detached building for supplies, chainsaw,
kerosene lights and perhaps a heater, military ammo boxes, PVC tubes or used
Coke syrup barrels for storing supplies .
WELL THAT'S REAL NICE.........................HOW MUCH?!?
These prices should be considered low estimates as shipping will have to
be added to items not available locally. See appendix #3 for details.
CURRENT LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS
Shelter - $0.00
Light - 0.00
Water - 0.00
Food - 0.00
Sanitation - 0.00
Heat/cooling - 0.00
Medical - 0.00
Communication - 0.00
Safety - 0.00
TOTAL $0.00 PER PUPIL WORTH $0.00
Remember: You get what you pay for! TANSTAAFL
SHOE-STRING, MAKE DO, JURY RIGGED
Shelter - $20 some plastic sheeting and rope
Light - $30 one battery operated fluorescent light with spare batteries
Water - $20 1 iodine purifier, 2 - 5 gallon containers
Food - $5 a bag of hard candy
Sani. - $10 2 box style toilets with paper
Heat/cool - $10 2 heat packs, 3 cold packs
Medical -$100 neck braces, etc.
Communi. - $10 portable AM/FM with alkaline batteries
Safety - $30 3 small units of Cap-Stun for $30 or
in bulk for 26 various sizes for $144
TOTAL $235 PER PUPIL WORTH $1.21
MINIMAL BUDGET
Shelter - $120 tarps instead of plastic sheeting
Light - $72 two battery operated fluorescent light plus 6 cyalumes
Water - $40 more water storage
Food - $120 a bigger bag of candy and 24 MREs
Sani. - $70 5 box toilets and paper, 1 solar sink & soap
Heat/cool - $92 cold & heat packs,10 each, 24 space blankets
Medical - $200 various
Communi. - $104 another radio and better batteries
Safety - $144 26 units purchased wholesale
TOTAL $962 PER PUPIL WORTH $4.93
MODERATE BUDGET
Shelter - $300 used army tent with poles and stakes
Light - $550 33 good FL's,4 fluor.,20 yr cells & 12 cyalumes
Water - $110 more purifiers & storage, acti. charcoal filter
Food - #350 100 MREs
Sani. - $92 3 box toilets, 2 sinks, 1 shower
Heat/cool- $364 20 each cold & heat packs, 36 blankets & 24 bags
Medical - $400 various
Communi. - $156 another radio for the audio portion of TV VHF
Safety - $268 26 Cap-Stuns + a signal flare gun with 4 flares
TOTAL $2,590 PER PUPIL WORTH $13.29
WELL BUDGETED
Shelter - $500 a used military tent
Light - $826 as above plus 12 Mag-Lites and 24 cyalumes
Water - $300 as above plus microfiltration unit
Food - $800 250 MREs plus a few freeze dried meals
Sani. - $424 3 toilets, 3 sinks,2 showers, 10-5 gal bags
Heat/cool- $425 above + kerosene lantern or immersion heater
Medical -$1000 various
Communi. - $350 as above plus one 40 chan. SSB CB
Safety - $600 as above plus a sidearm with gunsafe
TOTAL $5,225 PER PUPIL WORTH $26.80
VERY WELL BUDGETED, USA SURVIVALIST STYLE
(see EQUIPMENT OPTIONS for details)
Shelter - $75,000
Light - $1,500
Water - $2,000
Food - $10,000 3,500 MREs, OR 1 year of Morman 4 $62,500
Sani. - $3,000
Heat/cool - $5,000
Medical - $5,000
Communi. - $3,000 as above plus EMP protectors, ant.& tower
Safety - $1,500 as above plus longarm and safe for longarm
TOTAL $106,000 PER PUPIL WORTH $543.59
FIRST CLASS PREPAREDNESS
(see EQUIPMENT OPTIONS & Appendix #2 for details)
Shelter -$200,000
Light - $5,000
Water - $4,000
Food - $80,000 1 yr. of Kearney diet + freeze dried foods
Sani. - $6,000
Heat/cool - $10,000
Medical - $20,000 this estimate is probably way too low
Communi. - $7,000
Safety - $5,000
TOTAL $337,000 PER PUPIL WORTH $1,728.21
PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS PACK FOR THE 33 FACULTY AND STAFF
If the staff and faculty are expected to care for our children during the
first phase of an emergency, we parents should, at least, provide materials
for the care of the faculty and staff.
In order for normal school functions to resume as soon as possible, it is
in our best interests to minimize the effects of an emergency on the home
lives of the faculty and staff. It is fairly unlikely that staff and faculty
members are personally prepared for a major quake. It would be advantageous
to develop emergency packs for them. Stored at the school, these packs would
be taken by the faculty and staff when they return home.
For faculty and staff who live far away, volunteer parents should arrange
temporary housing until normal transportation becomes available.
The following would be in the pack the 33 faculty and staff would carry
home with them.
They represent a strictly MINIMUM kit to be upgraded and expanded as time
and funds permit. A few upgrade items are listed in ().
Crystalline iodine water purification kit
Trash sack for expedient poncho (heavy duty military poncho)
Trash sack to carry all items in (backpack - medium ALICE, no frame)
How to live without utilities book NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS
Aluminized mylar sleeping bag
Aluminized mylar 5 gallon water container
Box/bag/disinfectant for expedient toilet
Zip-lock bag, large for large items
Zip-lock bag, small for small items
1 MRE (2, 3 or more)
Flashlight with batteries & spare bulb (Mag-lite with 20 year cells)
Matches, water resistant (lifeboat matches)
Candle
Trioxane cooking fuel tabs
For a minimal kit TOTAL $1,980 $60 per kit
For partially upgraded kit TOTAL $3,894 $118 per kit
For a more thorough look at emergency kits, review the various kits
available from Preparedness Products Inc. and The Emergency Lifeline Inc.
Also, various survivalist recommended backpacks lists and lists of home
survival suppllies are available from Ken Seger.
Note; Much of this has been done or is being done at Rossman as of 9/90.
This topic is left in this report as a guide to the homeowner.
RETROFITTING THE EXISTING BUILDINGS
RETROFITTING THE BUILDING'S CONTENTS
Many small modifications can be made that will reduce injury and property
loss for a small expenditure of time and material. The best way to accomplish
minor retrofits would be to examine all rooms, hallways, closets and storage
areas and consider what would happen if there was a sudden horizontal or
vertical acceleration.
For each area an inventory sheet should be made with two main categories:
physical injury and property loss. Each of these categories having a major
threat and minor threat division. For example, under major injury: the need
to secure tall, top-heavy bookcases, filing cabinets that could cause injury
on impact, or water heaters, kilns or kitchen equipment that could generate a
fire or explosion. Under minor threat: the need to secure frames that have
glass or computer printers. Under major property: the need to secure computer
equipment, copiers, video equipment, heating and cooling devices, etc. Under
minor property: the need to secure records, and other breakables.
While the mainence man most certainly has the ability to effect these
improvements, having the time to implement them, in addition to normal
services within normal working hours, is unlikely. His terms of employment
could be expanded if he is willing and finances are available, or a task force
of moms and dads handy with tools could come in on scheduled weekends.
RETROFITTING THE BUILDINGS THEMSELVES
Both the necessity and the feasibility of major retrofits on the
structures need to be studied by a qualified engineer or architect. Carmen
Johnson has lists of publications that might aid this activity. If one of the
Rossman parents is qualified for this activity, and is willing to waive their
fee, the school should purchase any needed materials and reimburse expenses.
RECOMMENDATIONS
If Rossman parents, faculty and staff were typical people, the results of
viewing this information would be, "Yup that's a good idea. Somebody should do
some of that stuff sometime.", and that would be the end of it. We would
continue at our current state of preparedness which is better than most
schools but still has room for improvement.
Rossman people are not typical people. Otherwise, Rossman would not be
the unique quality institution that it is.
I am certain that all of us would like to see the children of Rossman
have the same chance of surviving an emergency that a Swiss child has.
Unfortunately our society does not place as great an emphasis on safety as the
Swiss do. If we did, this report would be unnecessary.
Unlike the Swiss, we can not expect funding from either the Federal,
State, county or city government. Like everything else at Rossman, if we want
it done, we need to do it ourselves.
While manhours and funds have been made available for preparedness, this
amount was not unlimited. Therefore, this past summer, time and money went
into items that will make the greatest amount of difference. This effort was
the earthquake kits which improved our medical preparedness and light
sources. While this vastly improves our preparedness over what it was at the
beginning of 1990, we still have room for improvement.
While food and shelter are quite important, a child can die from a
sucking chest wound or cut blood vessel much faster than they can from
hypothermia or starvation. After the possible critical injury needs have been
prepared for, attention should be paid to items that can afford the greatest
amount of safety for the least amount of time and money. This would be
shelter from the elements.
After this need has been at least minimally prepared for, the remaining
topics can be covered as time and money permit. Please note that much of the
equipment can provide great utility at very low cost. Example, significantly
improved lighting will cost over $100, whereas sanitation requirements for
human waste can be dealt with for less than $30.
A wildcard that can frustrate preparedness planning is the arrival of
additional people not considered part of the original plan. This problem has
two aspects. First, while it is hoped "more hands make lighter work", those
hands are attached to a body that needs food, water, sanitation, shelter, and
perhaps, medical attention. Second, the additional individuals will not have
taken part in the preparedness training. This places an added burden on
managers to maintain control and perform expedient training during the
emergency.
Since the individuals are outside of the system, their sense of
willingness and ability to follow orders may be less than ideal if not
outright disruptive. Care should be taken not to offend others who desire
shelter as they may be ideal candidates for various tasks that one does not
want to employ the trained staff and faculty on, such as, menial tasks,
scouting, heavy labor, etc.
The illustrated degrees of preparedness, are meant to demonstrate the
different levels of preparedness available. Sticking to one level on all
topics cannot be assumed to be the most effective use of money. Depending on
varying opinions as to the degree of need in each area, different topics can
be prepared for at different levels.
As stated in the overview, these notes are merely a framework for
discussion. Cost estimates of different levels should be used like a menu for
a 7 person dinner at a Chinese restaurant. Choose one appetizer, one soup,
several entrees and one dessert. The mix of preparedness levels will be
determined by the perceived degree of need.
SUGGESTED ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOLDERS
Ultimately, there are two sets of information folders that may need to be
created for the preparedness plan. One set for information before a disaster
and another for use during the disaster.
Preparing for disaster: This set of folders should contain informational
checklists to help various people and groups prepare to mitigate the effects
of a disaster. Obvious targets would be the various task force members,
faculty and staff and parents who wish to enhance their home preparedness
level. Each folder should include a bibliography of additional information
resources.
Executing preparedness plans: During a disaster, everybody's adrenaline is up
and people who could recite their disaster plans backward and forward on a
typical day are incapable of remembering the priorities of their own plan
under the extremely stressful circumstances. Instead of a bulky folder that
might be misplaced or not carried along due to its size, a laminated 3"x5" or
larger card with the essentials printed on both sides might be very helpful.
This could be put in a glove compartment, taped to the CB, etc.
A similar card, stating in simple terms how to use the supplies, should
be included in the preparedness supplies.
While it is tempting to use 8 point or smaller type face and make the
card an encyclopedic warehouse of information, it should be remembered that
the card is not intended to be used under ideal conditions, but under the
worst possible conditions where lost or broken eyeglasses or with a flashlight
whose batteries should have been replaced many months ago might be the case.
TASK FORCES
Since Parent's Club meetings already have a full agenda, a separate
evening meeting of parents who wish to become involved in school disaster
preparedness would probably be best. Those parents who choose to come should
be given this folder several days before the meeting so topics can be covered
more fully.
One of the more important aspects of that, and subsequent, preparedness
meetings, would be the creation and activation of various parent task forces.
These task forces would carry out the needed activities to implement whatever
level of preparedness is desired. Below is a list of some of the possible task
forces.
PURCHASING AGENTS - Most of the prices of preparedness items are listed at
retail. Very little price reduction can be effected on items purchased in
small quantities. However, on items purchased in quantities of one-half or
one full gross, a sizable discount might be available if purchased directly.
CB NETWORK - If the school purchases a 40 chan. SSB CB, it would be helpful to
have a network of parents who have similar equipment. Ideally each node of
the network would be located a significant distance from each other throughout
the area of parents homes so that each Rossman parent would know whom they
could go to for communication with the school. A primary, secondary and
tertiary channel should be for school to parent communication. Another set of
channels should be established for parent to parent communication. This might
be especially needed if certain nodes have difficulty communicating directly
with the school. The same type of network can be used if people choose to go
the HAM radio route of 2, 5 or 10 meter equipment.
PORTABLE PHONE NETWORK- While the CB network would be totally independent of
utilities, there is a possibility that car and handheld phone service might
either be uneffected or the first to be repaired. This network would not be as
independent as the CB network, but if it is available it would be of great
benifit.
KIT MAKERS - These people will create and assemble the various kits.
TEMPORARY HOUSING - These would be volunteers who would agree to house
students, faculty, and staff who have difficulty getting home after most
others have left. These might be considered way stations for traveling home.
These volunteers should have stored bedding, water, food, sanitation and
shelter for the number of people they choose to house.
4WD OWNERS - Since transportaion might be quite a problem if the quake is
large enough, a volunteer group of owners of 4 wheel drive vehicles with
adequate ground clearance should arrange an expanded carpool based on the
capability of their vehicle. One possibility would be a shuttle service from
school to the way station houses to reduce the distance parents without 4WD
would have to go to pick up their children should transportation be limited to
4WD in certain areas. Establishing this emergency carpool would also be a
good idea if there were ever a blizzard-like storm in which 2WD travel becomes
difficult.
FINANCING PREPAREDNESS
It should be very clearly stressed that financing for preparedness be
above and beyond normal school finances. It simply won't work for a parent to
say, "Well, this year I'll give to the preparedness fund instead of annual
giving." This will not work. Annual giving supports the day to day operation
of the school. The endowment giving is strictly for the endowment fund. Any
donations to the preparedness fund needs to be above and beyond normal giving
patterns least the rest of the school functions suffer.
The funds for preparedness should be considered similar to a single
premium insurance policy. Funds to purchase an item that will need to be
replaced in five years are similar to a single premium 5 year term non-
renewable policy. Funds for an item that will last for decades would be like
a single premium paid life policy.
A PREPAREDNESS PLAN IS INSURANCE. If you are fortunate enough not to
have cause to use it, it was an unnecessary purchase. But it is too late to
purchase it after the need arises. What you purchase is piece of mind. By
having a preparedness plan implemented, each parent knows they have fulfilled
their moral obligation to care for their child to the best of their ability.
CLOSING COMMENTS
This paper can not possibly convey all of the information needed to
create a preparedness system. There are many fine texts available from
various sources that the serious student of preparedness should study.
Demonstrations of survival products are available from Ken Seger by
appointment.
Ken Seger does not sell or have any economic interest in any sales of
survival supplies. While Ken Seger is a Certified Survival Instructor for LIVE
FREE and an instructor at INFINITY SELF-RELIANCE CENTER, the material
presented here, or in any demonstrations, are strictly Ken Seger's personal
viewpoints and opinions and do not necessarily represent the opinion of LIVE
FREE or ISC.
Ken Seger can be contacted at 763 Haw Thicket Lane, Des Peres,Mo 63131 or
(314)821-9147 (voice line) or Ken's Survivalists' BBS 821-2815 (data line
3/12/2400 bps).
Preparedness planning necessitates working around a big "Catch 22". If
the quake is small, the extensive preparations are not needed. Utilities are
all intact, police, EMTs, hospitals, ambulances and other emergency services
are all there, but not needed. If the quake is large, no amount of
preparedness planning will be able to solve every single problem. Utilities,
police, EMTs, hospitals, ambulances and other emergency services will all be
desperately needed, but unavailable.
Planning for the worst case, can lead to, what may be considered,
"overdoing it". If all disasters occurred under ideal conditions,
preparedness planning, and the attendant expenses, would be greatly reduced.
Real life situations rarely have easy answers.
APPENDIX #1
ON THE TOPIC OF NUCLEAR WAR
Why should books and videos on the subject of nuclear war be included
here?
1) A confidence building mechanism. If a person acquires the knowledge
and skills to survive a full scale nuclear war, they then know that surviving
a much smaller catastrophe like a major earthquake is certainly within their
capabilities.
2) It focuses the mind on what is and (perhaps more importantly) what is
not needed for survival.
3) To put our activities in perspective. 1/4th of the world's population
has effective Civil Defense (the U.S. does not). There do exist other
cultures that are willing to dedicate more manpower and money to protecting
their children than we do at present. When comparing their preparations to
the ones that we are considering, our efforts are not that expensive or
extensive.
4) A realization that the topic of emergency preparedness, if it is to
cover one situation in a thorough manner, must cover all aspects of
emergencies. To a large extent the techniques and research that are helpful to
earthquake preparedness stem from developing the technology and skills to
survive a nuclear war. It is useful to know how a techinique evolved, rather
than to simply know the answer.
5) Thinking about a nuclear war is an excellent method of making a
checklist of needed skills and materials for other disasters. By comparing
the needs of surviving a nuclear war with the needs of a lesser emergency you
can make more effective use of time and material. There are many survivalists
who have absolutely no expectation of a nuclear war; however, they prepare for
one as a method of preparing for future emergencies they do expect to occur.
If you are prepared for a nuclear war, you are prepared for anything else that
might happen.
6) If the estimates by the CIA do come true, and there are 20 nations in
the year 2000 that will have InterContinental Ballistic Missiles (in
comparison to the current 5), then this small, limited introduction will be of
assistance to any additional steps of preparedness that may be chosen in the
future.
APPENDIX #2
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON SWISS SHELTERS
The Swiss have the best all-hazards preparedness system in the world,
followed closely by the Scandinavian countries, USSR, Red China, and Israel.
Below are some specification extracted verbatim from Federal Swiss law.
The shelter shall not exceed 5% of total building cost, excluding the
purchase of ground (as per Swiss Federal Law BUILDING MEASURES FOR CIVIL
DEFENSE dated 4 October, 1963 Article 8 - 1) with the Federal government
providing 30-70% costs of building and equipment (same law Article 5 - 1)
with canton (state) and community (city) assuming the remaining costs (same
law Article 6-1). Shelter spaces shall be 2/3rds the number of seats in school
as per Swiss Federal Department of Justice and Police, Office of Civil Defense
- Technical Directive for the Construction of Private Air Raid Shelters 15
November 1966 Chapter 2.1.1.2 - upgraded to one space per person as per Report
of the Federal Council to Parliament on the 1971 Conception of Civil Defense
11 August, 1971 Chapter 4.3.4 with one fully protected space for each member
of the nation by 1985/1990. As per Technical Directives etc. 1966 there shall
be per shelter space - from 2.1.1.3 - 10.8 sq ft floor space, 88 cu ft volume,
10.8 sq ft per ventilator, 0.54 sq ft floor space for air lock, 0.76 sq ft for
decontamination room - from 2.1.1.1.2 the shelter shall be divided into gas
tight cells each containing a maximum of 50 people with a total capacity of
200 persons. Several shelter groups may be situated next to or on top of each
other if decentralization is not possible - from 2.2.2.3 if shelter has 101-
200 spaces separate decontamination and air rooms are mandatory - from 2.2.3.1
for 101-200 place there shall be at minimum 1 category I escapeway, 1 or 2
(depending on cell configuration) category II escapeshaft(s) and 1 category IV
escapetube with all entrances, exits and ventilation openings able to
withstand 1 ATM <or 3 ATM> ie. a Hiroshima level of blast (12KiloTon) at 0.4
mile <0.2 miles>, a 100 KiloTon blast at 0.8 miles <0.4 miles>, a 1 MegaTon
blast at 1.6 miles <0.9 miles> or 10 MegaTon blast at 1.6 miles <0.9 miles>.
In addition to the shelters proper that are also underground duplicates
of government offices, underground protected storage of emergency equipment,
and duplication of medical facilities in blast/fallout/biochem special
shelters. For every 5,000 Swiss there is one First Aid Post which represents
a protected practice and normally has 32 beds for triage and first aid. For
every 18,000 Swiss there is one First Aid Stationof 120 to 140 beds for
triage, first aid and final treatment of lightly wounded patients with one
operating table. For every 38,000 Swiss there is one Emergency
Hospital/protected Operating room. The protected operating room is located
under a hospital and has about 250 beds and represents a basic hospital. An
underground emergency hospital is built where no peacetime hospital exists for
final treatment of wounded patients.
All laws and technical construction notes are available from the Federal
Office for Civil Defense, WRITTEN IN ENGLISH, in Berne, Switzerland.
The inclusion of the above information is to put a small earthquake
preparedness plan into perspective as far as what can and what can not be
done.
Please note that the Swiss system is NOT just a theoretical abstraction
of what should be done. There are fallout shelters for over 115% of the Swiss
population and fallout/blast/biochem shelters for 90+% of the Swiss population
installed and operational as of 1988.
APPENDIX #3
PRICES OF PREPAREDNESS SUPPLIES
(Please note; some of these prices might be out of date)
40 channel SSB CB - $160 with antenna and battery pack, Santa Fe Distributing,
14400 West 97th Terrace, Lenexa,KS 66215 orders only 1-800-255-6595
45 ACP revolver & shotshells - used $150, refurbished $200, new $300
Activated charcoal filter - depends on size and packaging $30-60, from SI
Aluminized mylar blanket - Ie."space blanket" $3 from Cabela's, 812-13th Ave.,
Sidney,NE 69160 orders only 1-800-237-4444
Aluminized mylar sleeping bag - Ie. "space" bag $9 Cabela's
AM/FM radio - small unit that runs on AA or C cells $5-10 any discount store
larger units that run on D cells have better sound since they have
considerably larger loudspeakers, $40
AM/FM radio, solar/generator/AA powered - $35 from Preparedness Products
AM/FM/TV radio - as above with TV audio band $20-30
Ammo cans, military - smalls $3-10, larges $15-50, many stores
Audiotape, How to Survive a Major Earthquake, 32 min. $5.00 The Emergency
Lifeline,1514 E. Edinger, Suite 1, Santa Ana,CA 92705 (714)558-8940
Book, Emergency/survival Handbook by the American Outdoor Safety League, $3.45
from Preparedness Products, 3855 South 500 West, Bldg. G, Salt Lake
City,UT 84115 (801)261-8823
Book, The Preparedness Handbook $2.40 from Preparedness Products
Book, Reader's Digest First Aid Book $1.25 from Prepared. Prod.
Book, Earthquake Preparedness $4.00 from The Emergency Lifeline
Brinkman (imitation Mag-Lite) (3 D cells) Wal-Mart $18 simialr to Nu-Light
Cap-stun - $10-25 in 5 different sizes, Phoenix Systems Inc P.O. Box 3339,
Evergreen,CO 80439 for individual sales, Guardian Security Products
Dept.SH-3 8350 North 7th Street, Phoenix,AZ 85020 for $144 26 unit
package
Cyalume sticks - 12 hour 10/$10 from Sierra Supply P.O.Box 1390, Durango,CO
81302, $2.50 other sources, examplle Brigade Quartermasters
D cells standard - Wal-Mart $3/8 cells
D cells alkaline - Wal-Mart $5/6 cells D cells 20 year - $228/96 cells The
Emergency Lifeline, 1425 Culver Drive, Suite A-474, Irvine,CA 92714
(714)558-8940
EMP protector - $35 Kootenai Radio & Energy, best prices in USA, Box 215,
Kootenai, Idaho 83840 Also has solar panels and radios.
Flare gun - $80, shells $11 from Phoenix Systems Inc.
Flashlight, incandescent, plastic, cheap - Any dept.store $2
Flashlight, incandescent, plastic, good quality - Any store $6
Fluorescent lantern - Wal-Mart Ray-O-Vac $20
Gas valve shut-off wrench, domestic $5.29 from Preparededness Products or
$8.50 from Emergency Lifeline
Generator flashlight - $7 from S.I. Outdoor, Food, & Equipment, P.O.Box
3796, Gardena,CA 90247 orders 1-800-533-7415, questions (213)324-8855 or
324-8859
Gunsafe, suitable for storing sidearms, $70 at most gun stores
Gunsafe, suitable for longarms, $150 at gun stores, $110 on sale at BEST Store
Hassock style portapotty - $40 from SI
Immersion heater - used $25 from Bob Lewis Army Surplus or new $80 Graingers
Instant cold pack - Walgreens $2 on sale
Instant hot pack - $7.95/6 Cabela's, or $2 at Walgreens
Iodine generator - crystalline "Polar Pure" $8.49 Indiana Camp Supply,
P.O.Box 211, Hobart,IN 46342 (21)947-2525
***This item could be produced for $2 each in lots of 50***
Katadyn water filter - $180 (1987 price sheet) Kootenai Radio & Energy Systems
Box 215 Kootenai,Idaho 83840 (they sell US
distributor direct and are the least expensive source in the US for many
radio, solar, & survival supplies)
Kearney Diet - See Nuclear War Survival Skills, approx. $250 for badult/year
depending on type of packing (a discount from 30-70% for large quantities)
Krypton bulb - $3 for standard or alkaline batteries, $6 for ni-cads, (per
pair) Spartan Supply box 310 Hixson,TN 37343 1-800-251-3904
Mace - common non-lethal temporary anti-personal spray $15/unit
Maglite (3 D cells) - Wal-Mart $20, Spartan Supply $16
Matches, water resistant - 96 boxes/$20 BW trading,box 692, Newark,OH 43055
Matches, life boat - 25 matches per vial, 5 vials/$10, Brigade Quartermasters,
1025 Cobb International Blvd., Kennesaw, GA 30144-4300 orders 1-800-228-
7344, (BQ never has the lowest price, but in MANY cases they have quality
equipment that can be found no where else)
Metal garbage can - Builder's Square $9, or other hardware store
Morman 4 - approx. $200 for adult/yr.(discount on large orders)
Morman 4 + 40 - approx. $300 per adult/year (ditto)
MRE - 50/$150 from Sierra Supply, Box 1390, Durango,CO 81302
MR8 - 50/$130 from Brigade Quartermasters
Nuclear War Survival Skills $10.95 each, or $80.00 for 10, plus postage (10%)
Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine,
P.O.Box 1279, Cave Junction,OR (503)592-4142
Oak Ridge Laboratory Hazard-mitigating house plans - 1,200, 1,400, or 3,400 sq
ft set of blueprints $25 from TACDA The American Civil Defense
Assoc.Box 1057 Starke,FL 32091 (904)964-5397 phone, (904)964-9641 FAX
Plastic, 5 mil, Rolls - various sizes, $10-30, any hardware store
Portable sink - $30 Cabela's or Preparedness Products
PVC - Any plumbing supply store, price is relative to diameter
Rope, polyester - 50ft. 3/16" (#6) $4 any good hardware store
"solar" shower - $17 Cabela's
"space blanket" - See Aluminized mylar
"space" sleeping bag - See Aluminized mylar
Tarp, polyethylene - 5'x7' $3, 6'x8' $4, 8'x'10' $7, 8'x12' $8, 10'x12' $10,
10'x18' $15, 10'x30' $24, 12'x18' $18, 14'x24' $27, 15'x 30' $36, 20'x20'
$32 20x40' $64, 26'x 40' $84, 40'x40' $128, 50'x50' $200 Pool Surplus
P.O.Box 370 Benton,AR 72015
Tarpurethane, coated nylon, double seams, triple folded sides - 5'x7' $18,
7'x9' $25, 8'x10' $32 Indiana Camp Supply
Tents, used with no poles or tent stakes - 12' x 15' $200, 17' octagonal
$250, 16' x 32' $350, 18' x 50' $500 Bob Lewis Army Surplus, Rt. 19, Box
162, Lebanon,MO 65536 (417)532-9657 9 miles south on Highway 5
Tents, new with poles & floor, no stakes - 12' x 14' $635, 16' x 18' $1.015
B&B Gun Sales, Rt. 2, Box 244, Groesbeck,TX 76642 (817)729-2631, other
sizes also available.
Trioxane fuel tabs - $1.50 a box, discount for larger orders Infinity Self-
Reliance Center, Box 382, Columbia,MO 65205
Uberlebens Nahrung - not available in the USA
Videotape, Fast Food Storage, - $7.00 from Preparedness Products
Videotape, Nuclear War Survival Skills- 1-4 371 minutes $30 each or set for
$95 Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, Box 1279, Cave Junction,
OR 97523
Videotape, Practical Preparedness - 64 minutes $30 from TACDA
Videotape, Soviet Civil Defense 1-7 - 624 minutes - $30 each, set of 7 for
$145 Available from and 1989 Copywright by OREGON INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
AND MEDICINE P.O.Box 1279, Cave Junction, Oregon 97523 (503)592-4142
Water bag, 5 gal with tap, box, human waste bag and disinfectant - 5 for $29
Preparedness Products 80 So. Redwood Road - Suite 215, North Salt Lake
City Utah 84054 (801)292-3481 292-3483
APPENDIX #4
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RESOURCES
BBSs (computerized "Bulletin Board System" accessible via and computer,
modem, and phone line)
Literally thousands of pages of additional information are available at
no charge by calling with computer/modem, KEN'S SURVIVALISTS' BBS
300/1200/2400 bps 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (except for maintenance
routines) at (314)821-2815. All brands of computers are welcome with
adjustable characters per line and lines per page or continuous readout for
all monitors. All text files can be "TYPE"d with adjustable line length or
downloaded with any of eight different protocols (seven with intelligent
error correcting).
ExecuNet is a BBS service, prices start at $25/yr, in Illinois which has
most of the files found on Ken's Survivalists' plus other files of interest to
survivalists. Many of ExecuNet's additional files can be found on Ken's
Survivalists' under the <N>ews area under ExecuNet Files.
Please check with ExecuNet for latest listing. is a full service system
with 6 simultaneous phone line abilities at (618)397-4569, via P.C. Pursuit
service at (618)451-5074, and in St. Louis, MO at (314) 772-9409.
MAGAZINES & NEWSLETTERS
Here are some newsletters and magazines of interest to survivalists.
DIRECTIONS - monthly newsletter of LIVE FREE, $15.00 year,$200
lifetime - 12/yr. Box 1743 Harvey,IL 60426 LIVE FREE is Jim Jones's
organization and has been around for over 25 years. Articles cover all areas,
mostly member submitted ,emphasis is on do it yourself and small group. Once
you are a member you can also purchase the LIVE FREE papers and booklets.
LIVE FREE sponsors many seminars and get-to-gethers every year.
SELF RELIANCE GROUP - monthly newsletter, $10/yr 1355 N. McCarran
Reno,NV 89512, mostly reprints from ASG, and other sources.
THE LIGHT SPECTRUM - $18/6 issues/yr. Box 215 Kootenai, Idaho 83840 THE
SOURCE for info on solar panels and communications
SURVIVAL TOMORROW - $48/12 issues/yr. p.o.box 910 Merlin,OR 97532
Homestead and do it your self oriented. Very good.
USEFUL INFORMATION - $20/6 issues Box 3132 West Palm Beach, FL 33402
Excellent, from woodsman, civil defense advocate David Lobdell. Also sells
booklets How to build a 20 person permanent concrete fallout shelter for under
$2,000. - $6, and How to live through a nuclear war - $16
FIGHTING CHANCE - $60/12 issues/yr. Box 1279 Cave Junction, OR 97523
Emphasis on steel-walled blast shelters.
AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE (ASG) - $22/12 - $39/24, 12 issues per yr.
McMullen Publishing, P.O.Box 15690, Santa Ana,CA 92705-0690 Large magazine
covering all areas, tends to cater favorably to advertisers in its product
review.
JOURNAL OF CIVIL DEFENSE - $18/yr. $34/2 yrs. 6 issues/yr. Box 1057
Starke, FL 32091 THE AMERICAN CIVIL DEFENSE ASSOCIATION's (TACDA) bi-monthly
magazine. THE civil defense advocate magazine! Sells blueprints for shelters
and banked earth houses.
THE TACDA ALERT - $8/6 issues/yr. TACDA's newsletter. You can get both
newsletter and magazine with $35/yr membership.
AUSTRALASIAN SURVIVOR - $18(US$)/4 issues/yr Box 11, Dickson A.C.T. 2602
Australia Emphasis on on free enterprise, tool making, black smithing, hand
built milling machines, etc.
SPECIAL REPORT SERVICE - $49(US$) Periodic reports from Bruce Silbey on
various civil defense topics. Available from JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL CIVIL
DEFENSE, 11 Newport Creent, Waddington, Lincolnshire, LN5 9LZ, England. His
excellent book SURVIVING DOOMSDAY is available from here at $15 US.
Back issues of now defunct newsletters
Duncan Long's newsletters, last 12 issues $1.50 each, available from LIVE FREE
Practical Civil Defense - Bruce Silbey's old magazine. $63(US$ ppd.)
for all three years VERY authoritative! Excellent resource for nuclear
war preparedness. (see SPECIAL REPORT SERVICE for address)
Personal Survival Letter - Mel Tappan's old newsletter available from SI
Foresight - Dick Oster's old newsletter available from LIVE FREE.
There are many other survivalist newsletters but these are the most widely
read.
The Survivalist Pledge from LIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL
To help all that can be helped,
To defend all that can be defended,
To save all that can be saved,
To free all that seek freedom,
To stay alive as long as I can and stay free as long as I live.
APPENDIX #5
VARIOUS SURVIVALISTS' PACKS AND LISTS
A favorite activity of survivalists is to compile checklists of needed
supplies. Here are some of the better checklists that I have senn.
------------------------------------------
BESTLIST.TXT
The Best Survival Kit We Have Seen By: Steven D. Ramseur 17
Feb, 1990 From: Daniel C. Friend,
"The American Survival Guide" Vol. 12, No. 3, 3/90, p 30
Inventory for Basic Individual Survival Kit
Shelter and Warmth Water
"Emergency" space blanket Heavy plastic water bag, Zip-loc,
Heavy plastic trash bag, 2.5 mil 1 gal, 2.7 mil freezer bag
50 parachute cord, 25 ft. Iodine based water purification tabs
Large cotton bandana or bandage for filtering
Heat, Light, and Signaling First Aid
"9 hour" candle Clean cotton bandana or
waterproof matches and case triangular bandage
2 birthday candles for fire Hemostats
starting Flexible fabric Band-aids
Throw-away butane lighter Handiwipes
Magnesium fire starter Insect repellant
Card type magnifying glass Aspirins or Tylenol
Police whistle on lanyard Mole skin or mole foam
Stainless steel signal mirror Pepto Bismol
AA or AAA flashlight
Surveyor's marking tape, 50 ft Direction Finding
3x5 index cards and pen
Good quality liquid filled compass
Knives and Tools
Swiss Army knife or Leatherman tool General
Knife sharpener
Hemostats Mosquito head net
Small "ignition point" file Safety pins, 2 large, 4 medium
Sharpened 6" piece of hacksaw blade Telephone change
4" heavy duty sewing needle Snare wire, brass or copper
6 heavy duty rubber bands Survival Cards
This kit will fit into a large sized shaving kit, which is an excellent item
to carry it in.
Additional items to include along with your pack
Individual serving of canned food, sardines or spaghetti, etc
A detailed map of the area you will be in
Separate first aid kit, including any needed prescription drugs
A small transistor radio
Extra pair of eye glasses in unbreakable case
Inventory of suuplimentation Kit
This is a supplementary kit of the same size (but different to carry in
addition to the primary kit when possible.
First Aid Shelter and Warmth
4 3"x3" sterile gauze pads 4'x7' poly blanket or second space
1 roll 2" Kling bandage blanket for overhead shelter
Trial size antihistamine tablets Second "9 hour" candle
Blister Pack of throat lozenges Another 25' of 550 parachute cord
Blister Pack of Pepto Bismol Another disposable butane lighter
Neosporin antibiotic ointment
Extra safety pins Food and Water
6 flexible fabric band-aids 2 tins of sardines
Heavy duty nylon spoon
Signaling Snare wire
Spare batteries for flashlight Another mosquito head net
Iodine water purification tabs
Another plastic water bag
The important thing to remember about this kit is that it can't help you
if it's not with you. Take it in the car, take it on vacation, carry it on the
plane with you, take it on the boat with you, in other words, don't go
anywhere without it.
The supplemental kit will help make things more comfortable, so carry it
when you can, but remember, this kit is designed to save your life, not make
you very comfortable. Resist the temptation to overload it with comfort items
(mainly food) as this will make it more bulky. You will then tend to leave it
behind. Food is NOT an essential item for many days. The small amount of high
calorie food included is primarily cut to cut your hunger enough so that you
can think clearly.
As Daniel C. Friend says in the article, "Survival is 10% knowledge, 10%
Equipment, and 80% attitude".
-----------------------------------------------
CARLIST.TXT
Here is a list of what I have rattling around in the trunk of my car. - Ken S.
Misc. loose stuff
Jumper Cables
Wool Blanket
Poncho
"Space" blanket(aluminized mylar)
"Space" sleeping bag
Plastic reinforced tarp w/grommets, one side camo, other side aluminized mylar
Large Screwdriver
Vice-grips
Leather work gloves
Magnesium bar/flint
KA-BAR knife
Box of heavy trash bags.
Spare fans belts, fuel filter, oil filter, oil, wiper blades
Machete
Folding shovel/pick
Ground cloth (4 mil plastic drop cloth)
Spinner wrench
Halon fire extingusher
Fix-a-flat
Hand pump
Starter fluid
Tow rope w/hooks
12 volt DC spot light, flouresent light, and work light (magnetic mount)
Plank of wood (to use under car jack on soft ground)
Tire pump, tire gauge
Parka with 2 pr. gloves, wristlets (sock with toe removed to cover up the
wrist between glove and sleeve), wool scarf, pen, pencil, paper,
handkerchief
cheapo $9.95 style 40 pc. socket set english and metric
1 gal. of water
Wood for splints
Flares
Butane lighter
Medical kit (13" X 10 1/2" X 2 1/4" box)
Cotton swabs
Fever Themometer
"Kling" rolled gauze 4" X 5 yards
80 assorted strip and spot band-aids
4 pr. disposable gloves
Cylume sticks 1 red, 1 yellow
Wet-proof adhesive tape 1/2" X 10 yards
Paper adhesive tape 1/2" 5 yards
4 oz. drinking water, retort pack
Eye bath cup (1 Tblspn capacity)
Neosporin (antibiotic cream)
6 - 2" X 3" pads
7 - 2" X 3" adhesive pads
4 - Butterfly closures
5 - 1 1/2" X 2" pads
10 - 3" X 4" adhesive pads
7 - 4" X 4" pads
5 - 2" X 3" Biolclusive dressings
1 - triangle bandage
12 - safety pins
2 - 2 gal. zip-loc bags
1 - Cold compress, crush to activate type
Pump style snake venom remover
TRIAGE - EMERGENCY CARE HANDBOOK 191 pages 7" x 9"
Vial of Boric Acid Powder (1/64 tsp. of B(OH)3 to 1 Tbl. water for eyewash)
Vial of Alchohol
Vial of Hydrogen Peroxide
Vial of Witch Hazel
Vial of Dr. Orient's electrolyte replacement formula (dry)
Contents of 1 - 15" X 5 1/2" X 11" mortar box or 2 - 7" X 5 1/2" X 11" 50 cal.
boxes (weight of mortar box 7.625 pounds, contents 10.625 lb., 18.25 lb.)
Wool Balaclava (pullover for head and neck)
G.I. leather/fabric mittens long wrist w/ wool liner gloves
Israeli gas mask w/filter
Wool socks
8 oz. butterscotch
Wire saw
Ontario pilot knife w/ sheath and stone
Dental floss, waxed (50 yd.) and unwaxwd (200 yd.)
3" X 5" signal mirror
Dental floss handle
Funnel w/filter paper holder
Filter paper (fast and slow)
Pocket purifier water straw
Cylume sticks, 12 hr. 2-red, 2-yellow, 1-green
5 feet glow in the dark string
Toothbrush
Vial of Iodine crystals
pocket knife
multi-sizing wrench
5 pr. disposable gloves
one dozen balloons
Potassium Iodide
Magnesium bar w/flint insert
box of waterproof matches
6 ft. tape ruler
Whistle w/lanyard
Folding camper's stove with 2 packs of hexamine
"space" blanket
"Dynamo" flashlight (hand squeezed generator flashlight)
500 aspirin
5 sticks gum
36 - 100mg caffeine tablets
3 - survival candles 2"D X 3/4" in metal cup
1 lb. baking soda
Butane lighter
7:1 block and tackle w/ 60 feet of rope
4 - 2 gal. zip-loc bags
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOUSELST.TXT
HOUSEHOLD ITEMS
--------------- MEDICAL SUPPLIES
AM/FM Radio / Solar Powered ----------------
Baking Soda Hydrogen Peroxide
Batteries / Large & Small Multi-vitamins/Aminos/Vitamin C
Beef Jerky Stitching Kit (for serious cuts)
Blankets First Aid Kit
Booze & Beer Penicillin if available
Bottled Water Snake Bite Kit
Boullion Cubes Pain Killer (Tylenol, Advil etc)
Candles
Canned Foods / all kinds CLOTHING ITEMS
Coffee --------------
Decks of Cards Fatigues
Feminine Pads Hiking Boots
Fix-A-Flat Rain Gear
Flashlights
Garden Hose SURVIVAL ITEMS
Garden Supplies --------------
Ice Chests Air Compressor / DC power source
Knives Backpacks
Light Bulbs Battery Charger
Lighter Fluid Binoculars
Matches / Lighters Canteen
Needles & Thread CB Radio
Notebooks Campstove / Fuel
Pens/Pencils Chain Saws
Plastic Bags / Garbage Sacks Coleman Lantern / Fuel
Pots / Pans / Silverware Elecrical Wire
Rags (cloth) Fishing Gear
Sardines Gasoline / 5 Gallon Plastic Cans
Scissors Gun Oil
Soap / Shampoo Guns & Ammo
Spam and other canned meats Inflatable Raft
Spices Lamps - 12V
Suntan Lotion Machette
Tang & Vitamin C Magnesium Fire Starter
Tape / Duct & Electrical Maps
Tea Oil
Thermos Ammunition Reloaders & Supplies
Toilet Paper Rope
Tools Scuba Gear
Water pump/purifying filters Seeds - All kinds
WD-40 Tent & sleeping bag(s)
Water Purifier Tablets
This represents a list that you can fill all, or part of, depending on your
needs and requirements. Print the list and put a check-mark next to each item
as you store it away. Don't try to fill this in a few weeks, but just try to
get at least 1 item per week, store it away, and then go on to next. Some of
the items are common sense, things that you should have in your house anyway
in case of emergency or need. Others are more "hard-core" and you may opt not
to purchase it - in that case, line through the item. - Mike McCormick
Downloaded from ExecuNet 618-345-4108 (5 lines/2400bps - Online since 1979)
APPENDIX #6
The following are notes from a lecture on water.
The problems associated with water are acquisition, purification, and
transportation OR get, good, and go.
FACTS
1 gallon of water weighs 8 1/3 pounds and is 231 cu. in. about 6 1/8" cube
1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram and is 1 cubic decimeter
ACQUISITION SOURCES - RAIN, DEW, STREAM OR POOL, GROUND WATER (DIGGING)
PURIFICATION All water is good to drink, it is the extras that can kill you
-BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
PHYSICAL REMOVAL - ULTRAFILTER or CONDENSATION
KILLING ORGANISMS - BOILING or CHEMICAL
-ORGANIC HAZARDS
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER or
DISTILLATION *IF* 212 degrees isn't the boiling point of the hazard
-INORGANIC HAZARDS (WILD WEST ADAGE, IF SLIME CAN DRINK IT SO CAN YOU, not
true due to biological contamination)
pH ADJUSTMENT AND FILTERING
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER
ELECTROLYTES, you have to either replace lost electrolytes or die.
PRETREATMENT All water purification will work better and allow your equipmnet
to last longer if you get rid of as much mechanical solids as possible.
Cheap paper filters
shirt, socks, pants, screen, Kearney bucket
Absorbtion = incorporate
Adsorbtion = block/stick
Once you have your water, you need to purify it to make sure that it is
not contaminated with material that will cause sickness or death. The most
common contaminants are
BIOLOGICAL - SOME THING THAT IS ALIVE AND HARMFUL
E. Colii - As the Infectious Disease specialist said, If shit were red,
we'ld be living in a rose colored world.
ORGANIC TOXIN - SOMETHING THAT CAME FROM A LIVING CREATURE AND IS HARMFUL
Venom, vitamin A, cyanide, micotoxins, etc.
INORGANIC TOXIC - SOME ELEMENT OR COMPOUND THAT IS TOXIC
Berylium, cadmium, aluminum, arsenic, methyl mercury, lead, etc.
The most common methods of water purification are boiling, adding
disinfectants, and various types of filtering.
Most biological hazards consist of naturally occuring bacteria and other
organisms.
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
* METHODS
K KILL THE ORGANISM with a toxin that can kill all forms of life.
M MECHANICALLY REMOVE THE ORGANISM from the water
K BOILING. Boiling water for one minute will kill all bacteria. However,
since additional various organisms that are harmful and commonly found in
water are not bacteria, 15 to 20 minutes of boiling is needed to kill these
other organisms to give you sterile water.
M&K DISTILATION. Distilation is the most reliable method for obtaining pure
water as the resulting water is sterile, soft, nuetral in pH and removes
all other contaminates as well. If the distiller does not have some sort of
system that preheats the water to remove various gases, the various gases can
be collected in the distillate if all boiled off contaminants are not purged
by running steam through the condensor at the begining of the batch.
K DISINFECTANTS. The most common disinfectant is chlorine. Chlorine is a
poisonous gas and hazardous to handle. Two safer forms of chlorine are common
household bleach which is a 5.25% solution of sodium hypoclorite, and dry pool
chorine ("burn out" or "shock treatment) which is 65% calcium hypoclorite. Dry
pool chlorine can be used to make a solution that is the same concerntration as
household bleach, 24.5 grams (about 10 Tablespoons) of powder in 1 gallon of
water. This mixing MUST be done in a very well ventilated area and stored in
an air tight enclosure since it gives off enough chlorine gas to cause
problems. The most effective gas attacks in WW1 were done with chlorine gas.
Please note that many bleaches state, "not for human consumption."
If the listed ingrediants contains anything other than sodium hypochlorite,
avoid it. If it contains ONLY sodium hypochlorite, it is okay. For water
purification use 5.25% hypochorite solution in the following mixes
Volume clear water 1:5,000 cloudy water 1:2,500
1 Quart 2 drops 4 drops
1 Gallon 8 drops 16 drops
5 gallons 1/2 tsp. 1 tsp.
Allow at least 30 minutes for the chlorine to kill all microorganisms.
Tuberculosis organisms are the only organism that is resistant to chlorine.
Use a 1 to 10 solution for cleaning instruments and surfaces. Do NOT use
hypochlorite solutions for irrigating wounds (as was done in WW1) as the
hypochlorite dissolves blood clots.
Iodine is extremely toxic. One source of iodine are the solid crystals.
How to use iodine to sterilize water. Put 4-8 grams of iodine crystals in a
1 oz. glass jar (must have glass or bakelite stopper otherwise the iodine will
react with the plastic or metal stopper and destroy it.) Actually 0.1 gram is
adequate for the job, but using a larger amount of iodine creates a saturated
solution much quicker.
Put in 1 oz. (1 tablespoon or 3 teaspoons) of water (at least room
temperature, body temperature prefered).
Close stopper and shake for several minutes. You now have a saturated
solution. A saturated solution is when as much solid has disolved in a liquid
as it can.
Carefully pour off 10ml (10cc, 2 teaspoons) of the saturated solution.
REMEMBER, the iodine crystals are VERY TOXIC! The reason that adding more
water than needed is suggested is so that you need not tip the bottle over too
far thus spilling some crytals.
Add the 10ml (2 teaspoons) of saturated solution to 1 liter (1.06 quart) of
water.
Let stand at least 15 minutes at 77 degrees F. or higher. Make sure all
of the interior surface including lid get treated.
Another form of iodine is the familiar tincture of iodine which is 2%
iodine and 2% sodium iodide in alcohol. Use 3-5 drops of tincture per quart of
clear water and 10 drops of tincure in cloudy water. Please remember, very old
tincure or tincure that has been left unstoppered may have lost some of its
alcohol due to evaporation and whould have an excessive concentration of
iodine.
*NOTE: Iodine is not very soluable in water, but VERY soulable in alcohol*
Betadines are not suitable for water purification. Betadine scrub should be
only used for cleaning intact skin as it is very toxic to tissues. Betadine
solution when diluted 1:100 (3 drops per ounce of water) is suitable for
cleaning wounds.
M FILTERING. Only extremely sophisticated filters are precise enough to
remove micro organisms. One device that is able to do this is the Katadyn
family of water filters from Switzerland. It consists of a core of ceramic
material whose holes are so small that no living organism can pass through.
There are available synthetic woven filters for use in industry that are able
filter out micro-organisms. Example, Coors beer is pastuerized by the micro
filtration process.
Another type of filter is the 800 PSI reverse osmosis style filter, the
Survivor-06 from Phoenix Systems $525 will remove salt for 2 pints per hour.
ORGANIC TOXINS
Many of these will be broken down by heat during the boiling of water or
boiled away if they evaporate below 212 degrees.
NOTE on distillation. If you have a sophiticated still and put in the
water, seal the still, and start the still - any toxin that boils below 212
degrees is going to pass right through on the first minute of distillation.
INORGANIC HAZARDS
Toxic substances like arsenic, various heavy metals, aluminum, salt etc. are
a less common hazard. They can be found however in water near mining sites and
in areas that have alkaline lakes. A lack of normal plant growth around a
water source or unusually colored algae are frequently signs of abnormal pH or
unusual contamination.
Many of these toxins are only water soluable if the water has an unusual pH
factor. That is these factors can only be in solution in the water if the
water is fairly acidic (low pH) or fairly alkaline (high pH). Totally neutral
pH is 7 and most water sources will be between 5 and 8 in pH. If you have the
papers to measure pH and add lyes or acids to the water to bring the pH within
a normal range, the metal may go out of solution and become a solid, but in
particles that are so small that they stay suspended in the water. Letting the
water set overnight will allow the particles to drop to the bottem, but since
they are so small pouring the water from the container might be enough to put
them back in suspension again. A better method would be to filter the
neutralized water. A microfiltration filter could be used for this, but even
common laboratory filter papers would remove most of the precipitated solids,
even though common filter paper is not fine enough to filter out biological
hazards. Many inorganics are highly reactive and are adsorbed by dirt or
activated carbon filters.
Some inorganic hazards like asbestos fibers are mechanically hazardous, any
filtration method will remove this items. If no filters are available, just
letting the water stand still for several hours or overnight with help reduce
contamination. Siphoning water off of the top of standing water is the best way
to remove the water as pouring the container will kick up the sediment again.
A NOTE ON LABORATORY FILTER PAPERS
These filters should be used to prefilter any water that you are going to
treat. They aren't suitable for an entire process, but their removal of
larger contaminants improves preformance of disinfectants and extends the
working life of microfiltration units. Filter papers come in various speeds.
The faster the speed of the paper, the less that is filtered out. Filter
papers are very inexpensive, lightwieght and compact. For maximum effect you
can prefilter water through a fast filter and then put that water through a
slow filter.
ORGANIC HAZARDS
These substances can be removed via activated carbon filters. An item to
note about activated carbon filters: water or moisture in the carbon filters
is a breeding ground for biological organisms. Many filters are doped with
silver compounds to prevent or retard organism growth.
Note never pour hot water through activated carbon. Also, powdered
activated carbon is more likely to release it toxin content.
Hartz Mountain 191 grams ~6 oz $2 dusty in cardboard box
VRP 300 grams ~10 oz $10 (three month supply) very low dust, in sealed plastic
bottle
SOIL FILTERS
The book NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS, in addition to having good information
on water storage and transporation, has an excellent design for a water filter
based on a bucket, gravel, towels and clayey soil (4" down). page 71-74
This device will buffer the pH (assuming normal soil) and adsorb 99% of
radioactivity. It produces 6 quarts of water/hour initially and 2 quarts an
hour after several hours of use. If you get 1 quart/ 10 minutes you need to
repack the soil. Buy shaving off 1/2" of the 6-7" soil stack every time the
filter clogs, you can get 50 quarts out before a complete soil change is
needed.
ELECTROLYTES
Nutshell single dose storage ratios for 300 quarts
Lite salt 1 teaspoon 5 - 11 oz. tubes of Morton Lite Salt
Baking soda 1/3 teaspoon one pound box
sugar 10 teeaspoons 25 pound sack
water 1 quart
ELECTROLYTE AND FLUID REPLACEMENT
For those that do not subscribe to the FIGHTING CHANCE newsletter P.O.Box
1279, Cave Junction,Oregon 97523 $60/12 issues/year or haven't purchased the
Medical Preparation video tape by Dr. Jane Orient (president of Doctors for
Disaster Preparedness) $29.50 from same address, here is a good little life
saver that you might be interested in.
One teaspoon of "Lite Salt"(by Morton, 1/2 iodized potassium chloride, 1/2
sodium chloride in a blue cylinder), 1/3 teaspoon of baking soda (sodium
bicarbonate), 10 teaspoons of table sugar (sucrose), and one quart of water.
That happens to be a life saving fluid replacement and partial electrolyte
expiedent replacement. At least it is expiedent if you have had the foresight
to purchase the above three items BEFORE an emergency happens while it is
readily available and very cheap. Many people die in times of emergency
because of fluid losses. This can be from burns, vomiting, or diarrhea. The
body needs water and certian water souluable chemicals to function. If either
or both of these drop below a certian level, you die. There are many non-fatal
diseases like cholera that become fatal due to lack of simple things like
proper fluid replacement. If you have ever had a bad case of diarrhea and
start to have pain in your muscles or joints, congratulations, you have had the
early warning symptoms of a potassium deficiency.
Bananas are very high in potasium.
For ease of purchasing the items for Dr. Orient's formula, Morton Lite
Salt comes in a 11 oz. light blue cylinder. Baking soda a 1 or 4 pound box.
Sugar 5, 10, or 25 pound sack. To make approximately 300 quarts of the
solution you need 5 - 11 oz. units of Morton's Lite salt, 1 - 1 pound box of
baking soda, and 25 pounds of sugar.
FIGHTING CHANCE is a great publication for those that are installing
blast/fallout shelters. It also is the place that tells you where to buy
ventilators for $20 that other places charge $245.00 and in this month they
tell you where to purchase 12-120 volt AC/DC PM motor generators for $12 that
other survival stores sell for $100-275.
TOXIN STORAGE IN THE BODY
Most in fat cells, rapid fat burning without adequate water can cause
kidney damage
HOW MUCH WATER IS ENOUGH? enough to keep your urine a normal color and smell
One exercise fitness center recommends
1/2 oz water per 1 pound body weight (sedentary) (me ~= 3 quarts)
3/4 oz water per 1 pound body weight (athletic) (me ~= 4 quarts)
In the dessert under heavy labor you might go through 2-5 gallons/day
Sweating = losing water + losing electrolytes
No activity in a cool cave 1 quart a day might be all you need short term
with no bathing or food preparation needs.
In preparing for an earthquake, storing one gallon per person per day is a
good goal. Balance this with the percieved difficutly in obtaining,
transporting, and purifying water from available non-utility or relief effort
sources.
TRANSPORTATION
Page 67 of NWSS plastic trash sack inside pillowcase or burlap sack.
Canteens, plastic, steel, aluminum (aluminum + halide based tablets can
produce toxins)
Water bags of aluminized mylar and boxes
Polycarbonate jugs
Folding bags with handles
APPENDIX #7
WHAT A HOMEOWNER SHOULD KNOW
Notes on preparing a house for an earthquake.
THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE ITEM - securing the hot water to prevent it from
toppling over. This saves your inline water storage, prevents water damage,
and prevents possible fire or explosion.
NEXT (in terms of easy to do) secure tall bookcases, cabinets, etc to the
walls to prevent them falling over.
The most important for saving the total house is to make sure that the mud
sills are bolted down to the foundation. If you have cripple wall
construction sheeting needs to be applied to the cripple wall. See
the books below for size and spacing of bolts.
Books to read:
Nuclear War Survival Skills is a good basic eduction on how to live
without utilities.
What used to be the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute now has its
publications available from the Center for Environmental Design Research, 390
Wurster Hall, University of California, Berkeley,CA 94720 (415)642-2896. The
catalog Publications in Print, is free. Only pages 51-62 concern seismic
hazards. All publications are sold at cost and shipped book rate at no
additional charge. For 1st class mailing add $3 per book or $6 per for
overseas. If your house is simple wood frame you'll want to order Earthquake
Hazards and Wood Frame Houses: What you should know and Can Do, CEDR-02-82 for
$6.00. If you buy just one book, make it that one. Other books for frame
housing are, An Earthquake Advisor's Handbook CEDR-03-82, $7.00 and perhaps
Architectural Planning and Design Concerns for the Performance, Repair and
Retrofit of Existing Building, CEDR-WP01-85 $3.00. If you have a masonry
(structural) house there are quite a few books you might want. Seismic
Strengthening of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings - A Design and Cost Guide for
Architects and Engineers, CEDR-04-07 $10 (or $12 with diskette of Lotus 1-2-3
overlay for cost estimation), Unreinforced Masonry Seimic Strengthening
Workshop and Cost Analysis, CEDR-01-87 $12, Masonry as a Ductile Material:
Traditional and Contemporary Construction Practices Utilizing Unreinforced
Masonry in Seismic Areas, CEDR-R06-87 $3, Traditional Masonry and Contemporary
Reinforced Concrete Frame in Infill Wall Construction in Seismic Areas,
CEDR-R01-87 $3, Bond Iron and the Birth of Anti-Seismic Reinforced Masonry
Construction in San Francisco, CEDR-R01-86, $2.75, The Uses of Masonry in
Earthquake Zones: A perspective on Traditional and Contempory Construction
Practices Utilizing Unreinforced Masonry CEDR-WP05-87 $5.25, A History of
Reinforced Masonry construction Designed to Resist Earthquakes: 1755-1907,
CEDR-R02-84 $3.00, and Unreinforced Masonry Buildings: Seimic Behavior and
Renovation, CEDR-05-82 $10.50, whew. Obviously a masonry structure, due to
its incresed weight and therefore amount of inertia is more difficult to
protect.
Many of the suggestions on the frame house retrofit are moderately simple
like drilling holes in the sill (mud) board and foundation to add extra tie
down expansion bolts or attaching plywood pieces to cripple walls. The rule
of thumb here is light frame house 1/2" bolts every 6', medium - 3/4" bolts
every 6', heavy - 3/4" bolts every 4', with a bolt no more than 12" from every
corner and no more than 12" from every board end. The coverage of cripple
walls depends on several factors, see charts. Other suggestions are a bit
extreme. Few people will want to tear the interior wall facing off to
reinforce junctures and walls. One thing to note. A minor upgrade might not
save your house from being a wipeout in financial terms, but it might save
the lives of the people inside it.
GLOSSARY
2, 5, or 10 Meter HAM radios - You must be a licensed Amatuer Radio Operator
to run these units. The license only requires 5 words per minute in morse
code (25 characters per minute) and some very basic radio theory. Great
choice of frequencies available, example 2 meter has 800 channels.
40 channel SSB CB - Citizen's Band radio (no licensing requirements) with 40
channels in AM, 40 channels in Upper side band, and 40 channels in Lower
side band. Conventional CBs have just the 40 AM channels, which will
probably be clogged in an emergency. Note: when a channel is being used
in the AM mode, the SSB channels can not be used. conventionally, the
uppermost (35+ or 30+) channels are reserved for SSB (single side band
usage)
45 ACP revolver and shotshells - 45 caliber pistol must be purchased and
registered by an individual. Even with conventional ammo a pistol is
only useful as a short range weapon. The use of shotshell converts the
pistol into what amounts to a short range .410 shotgun and is ideal for
rodent, snake, and small animal control. A shotgun is unwieldy and
bulky. The shotshell is also powerful enough to be useful in controlling
criminals.
Activated charcoal filter - water filter to remove chemically reactive
pollutants and is most effective if the water has first passed through
filter paper to reduce turbidity.
Aluminized mylar blanket Ie."space blanket" - Extremely compact and
lightweight (though very noisy) mylar sheet that has been coated with an
waluminum film which will reflect 80% of body heat, will not allow wind
to pass through.
Aluminized mylar sleeping bag Ie. "space" sleeping bag - same as above but in
the size and shape of a sleeping bag instead of a flat sheet.
AM/FM radio - It would be nice if radio selection could be limited to units
that either use D cells or for which external D cell adaptors could be
made. This would reduce the need to inventory different battery sizes
and also extend the number of hours of use of the unit before battery
replacement is needed. Unfortunately most D cell portable radios are
large and expensive. An excellent alternative is an AM/FM radio that has
self contained solar cells, hand powered generator, and integral nickel
cadmium batteries.
AM/FM/TV radio - As above but can receive the voice portion of VHF TV
Ammo cans, military - heavy, durable, air and watertight steel or plastic
boxes of all sizes and shapes. Useful for storing all manner of items.
Audiotape, How to Survive a Major Earthquake, 32 minutes - a good
introduction to the topic of earthquake preparedness
Brinkman (imitation Mag-Lite) - My experience with flashlights that look like
Mag-Lites but are a few dollars cheaper has been a disaster. A waste of
money.
Cap-stun - the best of many brands of non-lethal debilitating aerosol
Cyalume sticks - a photochemical light source which, while not very bright,
produce no heat or sparks during operation or activation and are totally
waterproof in storage, activation, and use. Completely soft plastic with
no sharp or hard edges and can't generate sparks by being bumped against
other materials. Handy eyelet for attachment. There are 12 hour versions
that are fair for 2-3 hours and dim, but bright enough for identifiers
for the remaining time. There are 1 hour or 30 minute versions where a
brighter light is needed for a short time. Available in red, green,
blue, yellow, and white.
D cells standard - normal carbon zinc batteries. Cheap, but prone to leakage
need to be rotated every few years.
D cells alkaline - alkaline battery. Cost more but less likely to leak and
have a five year 80% charge life.
D cells 20 year - a cell in which the chemical components are isolated from
each other until the cap is twisted. When activated, voltage & power is
similar to a standard D cell.
D cell nickel-cadmium - popular rechargeable battery. Only puts out 1.2 volts
per cell (normal carbon-zinc or alkalines produce 1.5 volts). Must be
recharged frequently. Acquires a charge limit if not fully charged
after full or partial discharge which can only be normalized by full
discharge and full recharge. Has a very sharp discharge slope. Ie.
when it starts let a light go dim, it goes out quickly whereas other
cells will continue to keep the light dim for a long time.
EMP - ElectroMagnetic Pulse - multifrequency radio wave capable of burning out
solid state electronic components such as microchips and transistors.
EMP is caused by nuclear explosions. If the nuclear explosion is inside
the atmosphere, the EMP range is very small. If the explosion is
outside the atmosphere, the radiation strikes the atmosphere and can
create the EMP wave thousands of miles from the explosion. One well
placed explosion in orbit above Omaha could knock out all semiconductors
from L.A. to N.Y. This would cause a greater loss of life and property
damage than a bomb going off in a single city and might be the next
terrorist threat in the 21st century. EMP will be picked up by any item
that can act like an antenna and conduct the EMP burst to equipment. An
EMP protector must be installed in series with the antenna or power cord
or phone line of any radio, computer or other solid state device which
might operate in a nuclear war environment. Lightning protectors are not
useful against EMP as the rise time of EMP is MUCH faster than a
lightning pulse.
Flare gun, shoots 26.5 mm NATO flares, 350' elevation, 6 sec. burn time
Flashligh, incandescent, plastic, cheap - assume 10% will break during use
Flashlight, incandescent, plastic, good quality - more durable, better
lantern, battery operated which is much better than flashlights since
they produce a greater quantity of light with less glare and better
distribution than an incandescent at a lower drain rate on the batteries
Gas valve shutoff wrench - a wrench specially designed to turn off gas valves
in emergencies that will not cause dangerous sparks and will not corrode
if attached to the gas valve by rope to the gas valve or located near the
gas valve under shrubbery if vandalism is likely, see Rope.
Generator flashlight - you squeeze a lever which turns a dynamo, you have to
keep pumping for light, they are cheap and will wear out under heavy or
careless use, unless you can find a true military model
Gunsafe, suitable for storing sidearms, opens with adjustable push button code
approx 4"x8"x12" and useful for storing various items
Gunsafe, suitable for longarms, opens with tubular key approx 1.5'x1'x4' and
useful for storing all sorts of items
Hassock style portapotty - plastic drum with conventional toilet seat, more
comfortable than box type but costs 5 times as much, can be used for
storing supplies when not in use
Immersion heater - kerosene powered water heater which is put inside metal
garbage can, heats a lot of water very quickly to boiling
Instant cold pack - chemical pack that becomes cold upon activation
Instant hot pack - many styles, most are single use either continuous or can
be put in air tight bag and "paused", costly ($20) style can be recharged
Iodine generator, crystalline - this consists of a small glass bottle with a
lid the iodine won't dissolve, called a generator since you use it to
create a saturated solution of iodine/water you add to a quart of water,
under normal temperatures it will sterilize the water in 20 minutes.
ISC - Infinity Self-Reliance Center, P.O.Box 382, Colummbia,MO 65205. A
training institution that can fabricate courses for anybody's educational
needs. Weekend or week long courses are available on pupil selected
topics if a suuficient number of students want the same topic at the same
time.
Katadyn water filter - based on a ceramic microfiltration core that is so fine
no living organism is small enough to pass through including giardia
Kearney Diet - the Morman 4 plus beans for better amino acid balance in
proteins and a source of oil for essential fatty acids both of which is
lacking in the Morman 4
Krypton bulb - produces a much brighter light than a standard incandescent
bulb, use the krypton unit and save the normal flashlight bulb for a
spare
Mace, or tear gas - traditional non-lethal non-permanent anti-personnel
aerosols, there are better systems now available for the same price
Maglite flashlights (available in 2 AAA, 2 AA, 2,3,4,5,6,7 C, 2,3,4,5,6 D
cells) are made of machined aluminum and are more reliable and durable
than plastic flashlights though they are more expensive. The focus of
the light beam is adjustable from spot to flood. While they are
advertised as waterproof, I would not trust them to be explosion proof.
Matches, water resistant - should work if damp, but not wet. They need a
special striker surface to light in any case.
Matches, life boat - basically a heavy duty friction match dipped in a
burnable varnish, when wet will light on any rough surface.
Metal garbage can - suitable for use with immersion heater which would melt
the bottom out of a plastic garbage can
Morman 4 - survival rations developed by the Morman church of Latter Day
Saints designed for economy and long shelf life, consists of wheat,
sugar, salt, and dried milk.
Morman 4 + 40 - the Morman 4 plus 40 rotated canned goods for improved taste
and variety
MRE - Meal Ready to Eat, retort packaged meal containing a full balanced meal
for combat soldier, outer bag contains separate retorts of entree,
crackers, cheese, jelly, candy, cocoa mix, and fruit depending on pack.
All packs contain accessory pack of toilet paper, pepper, salt, chewing
gum, spoon. Can be stored up to ten years under ideal temperatures.
MR8 - NATO approved compact ration bar containing minimum daily diet
requirements. Neutral tasting, it can be eaten with or without water or
heating. It can be made into porridge or crumbled over other foods.
Each pack contains four individually packed two part portion with 1040
calories. The all vegtable source contains added sugar. Protein 15.1%,
Fats 14.9%, Carbo. 64.1%, Moisture 4.5%, Minerals 1.4%
Nuclear War Survival Skills book, 1987 version 282 pages with index - While
the main point of this book is to teach you what to do before, during and
after a nuclear war to survive, it is a great source of information on
how to live without utilities for extended periods of time. Unlike other
survivalist books, the use and purchase of specialized survival equipment
is not covered, instead, it illustrates how to create that special
equipment from readily available common household items.
Nu-Light - Yet another imitation Mag-Light. Junk.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Hazard-mitigating house - a series of blueprints
for constructing 1,200 sg ft.,1,400 sq.ft, and 3,400 sq.ft. underground
houses that can be converted to blast/fallout shelters with sandbags and
railroad ties.
Plastic, 5 mil, Rolls - can be used to create tents, see Nuclear War Survival
Skills book for proper technique
Portable sink - black plastic 5 gal. water container that is a sink, stoppered
drain, and pump faucet, being black it will heat up water if left in the
sun.
PVC - PolyVinyl Chloride pipe used in plumbing. Available in 1", 2", 3", 4",
6", 8". Can be cut with a hacksaw to any desired. Glue a cap on one end
and a screw base on the other. Coat threads with thread sealant, screw in
cap and you have a wonderful lightweight, rust proof, non-corroding, air
and water tight container, that will last for decades, for storing
survival goods either above or below ground.
Rope, polyester - The best rope to use to secure your emergency gas wrench to
your gas valve. Unlike manila or sisal rope it won't rot when left
wet,and it is less degraded by sunlight that nylon or polypropylene
("poly") rope. Rope is preferred over metal chain as metal chain could
create aspark. Be certain to leave plenty of slack in the rope to
maneuver the wrench. Storing the wrench in the basement isa bad idea
because it may be inaccessible when needed. Securing the rope is advised
if theft is likely. To reduce theft, melting instead of tying a knot is
advised.
"solar" shower - 2.5 or 5 gallon bag that is insulated on one side with foam
and reflective barrier and clear on the other side. It will heat water
if left in the sun. Top has loops and rod for hanging from tree branch
and bottom has hose, valve, and shower head
"space blanket" - See Aluminized mylar
"space" sleeping bag - See Aluminized mylar
TANSTAAFL - There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch!
Tarps - poor man's tents running the gamut from worthless to Hurculean
Tents - Used patched surplus Military tents are the best buy. You get twice
the size at 1/2 the price of new tents. They ARE heavy, but very good.
Trioxane fuel tabs - easy to light, burns very hot, compact, smokeless fuel for
heating rations but can not be stored long after opening original packet
Uberlebens Nahrung - Food powder formulated by Nestles for Swiss Civil Defense
System. Used for a beverage base, soup, gruel, or paste. Closest
similar item available in the USA would be MR8s.
Videotape, Nuclear War Survival Skills 1-4 - While most of these tapes cover
topics more appropriate for nuclear war or nuclear power accidents, they
do cover a lot of information on how to live without utilities.
Tape 1: Expedient Blast and Radiation Shelters (102 minutes)
Tape 2: Shelter Ventilation and Various Other Survival Skills (78 minutes)
Tpae 3: Home-makeable & Commercial Fallout Radiation Meters (117 minutes)
Tape 4: Nuclear War Facts as Told to Teenagers (74 minutes)
Videotape, Practical Preparedness - This is an EXCELLENT tape as it covers all
aspects of what a home owner can do to live through a disaster situation
in safety and comfort. If you view only one tape, make it this one.
Total time 64:00, Mains topics are heat, shelter, sanitation, food, water.
Videotape, Soviet Civil Defense 1-7 - These tapes show the very extensive
training and preparations being made by a culture that has a very low
standard of living but devotes 2% of its Gross National Product to Civil
Defense. It not only teaches survival skills but also is useful when
comparing how the USSR, the Scandinavian Countries, Red China,
Switzerland, Israel, and the USA treat preparation for disaster.
Here is what is on the back cover of the tapes:
"Civil defense in the Soviet Union is a $6 BILLION per year defense
effort with 150,000 PAID PROFESSIONAL and 20 MILLION VOLUNTEERS working
to prepare Soviet citizens for civil defense procedures including the use
of their $200 BILLION CIVIL DEFENSE SHELTER SYSTEM. Little known in the
West, Soviet civil defense constitutes an entire branch of the Soviet
military and an important part of Soviet education with mandatory civil
defense courses beginning in the 5th grade.
Now the Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, which distributes
extensive written, audio, and video tape information on civil defense
procedures and preparations, has produced this definative seven video
tape series on Soviet Civil Defense. The tapes feature extensive
information from the leading American authority on Soviet civil defense,
Dr. Leon Goure, 15 actual Soviet civil defense training filmstrips for
adult training, and 2 filmstrips prepared for use in Soviet 5th grade
classes. With English translations in the soundtracks, these include: 1.
Injury from Fallout Radiation Can Be Avoided 2. Actions in the Face of
Nuclear Attack - The Main Point is Not to Panic 3. The Shelter - A
Dependable Means of Protection 4. What You Must Know About Nuclear
Weapons 5. Learn How to Use Your Gas Mask 6. The Danger of
Bacteriological Weapons 7. Blast Shelters, Fallout Shelters, and the
Rules for Using Them (5th grade) 8. Skillfully Respond to the Threat of
Attack and to Warning Signals (5th Grade) 9. Protecting Livestock 10.
Dealing with Public Utility Emergencies 11. Fallout Shelters and How to
Build Them 12. How to Counteract Chemical Contamination 13. Countering
Pathogenic Bacteria 14. Fire Fighting 15. The Reception and Billeting of
the Evacuating Population 16. If the Siren Sounds 17. After Departing the
Area of Destruction
Tape 1: Introduction and Interview of Dr. Leon Goure (97 m)
Tape 2: Soviet Training Manuals, Books, & Journals - Section 1 (86 min.)
Tape 3: Journals - Section 2 and Soviet Training Film #1 (81 minutes)
Tape 5: Soviet Traing Films #7, 8, 9, 10, snd 11 (91 min)
Tape 6: Soviet Training Films #12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (89 m)
Tape 7: Presentation by Dr. Leon Goure, Soviet Training Film #17, and
Soviet Civil Defense Posters (92 m)"
Water bag, 5 gal with tap, box, human waste bag and disinfectant - 5 boxes
that can be used for either storing, carrying, and stacking water bags or
for box toilets with human waste bag and disinfectant. Water bag includes
tap and is made from aluminized mylar, which unlike other plastic water
containers, is totally opaque, to prevent internal growth of bacteria,
and gas impermeable so water will not absorb surrounding chemicals,
flavors or smells. Water bag can hold 6 gallons when not in stacking
box.