| 1660 |
Large groups of Shawnee were driven south by the Iroquois. The
Cherokee allowed one group to settle in South Carolina and serve as
a buffer between them and the Catawba. Other Shawnee were permitted
to locate in the Cumberland Basin of Tennessee for a similar purpose
against the Chickasaw. [ Cherokee were 63 independent towns. Shawnee
were down here at the time - in south Georgia - "Savannah" &
"Sewannee" are derivatives of their name. ] |
| 1692 |
Shawnee raid to capture slaves for trade with the English
destroyed a major Cherokee village while its warriors were absent on
a winter hunt. This treachery destroyed any trust or friendship that
had existed between the Cherokee and Shawnee. |
| 1693 |
Cherokee delegation visited Charlestown demanding more firearms
to fight their enemies. |
| 1705 |
North Carolina was urging South Carolina to curtail the trade in
Native American slaves or face a massive uprising. [There wasn't a
separate distinct difference between North & South Carolina that
early. The more foresighted colonial leaders were the voices of
opposition to slavery, that enslaving natives would unite native
opposition and would thus be counter-productive.] |
| 1706 |
Peace arranged between the Cherokee and Iroquois to serve
British military and trading interests. |
| 1708 |
Cherokee joined the Catawba and Alibamu in an attack against the
Mobile in southern Mississippi who were serving as middlemen for the
new French trading posts in the region. |
| 1713 |
300 Cherokee warriors served with the South Carolina army of
Colonel James Moore against the Tuscarora. |
| 1715 |
Some Lower Cherokee joined the Yamasee during the general
uprising against the Carolinas. [The bulk of Cherokee as a whole
supported the English. "Our safety very much depends on the
Cherokees."] |
| 1715 |
Cherokee allied with the Chickasaw to inflict a major defeat on
the Shawnee of the Cumberland Basin. [Pretty accurate ... as when
the Shawnee started going north] |
| 1721 |
First treaty and land cession by the Cherokee, regulated trade
and established a boundary between the Cherokee and the British
settlements. |
| 1730 |
White Owl (Atakullakulla/"Little Carpenter"), a young man and
"Prince of Chota", goes to England with six other older but still
young Cherokee. |
| 1738± |
Possibly the oldest child of Atakullakulla, Tsi'ui-Gunsin'ni
(Dragging Canoe) was born. Had brothers Little Owl and Turtle
At Home. |
| 1738 |
Devastating smallpox epidemic. [ Half of the Cherokee people
died. Priests wiped out around this time? ... reason? ] |
| 1740 |
Creeks finally driven from Little Cedar mountain area stemmed
from generations' old war between Shawnee & Cherokee, (Creek
secretly supported the Shawnee) |
| 1745 |
Second Chickasaw alliance forced remaining Shawnee north across
the Ohio River. |
| 1750 |
Third Chickasaw alliance succeeded in defeating the
French-allied Choctaw. [ Major war between Cherokees and Creeks;
Creeks finally driven from Little Cedar Mountain area. ] |
| 1750 |
Atakullakulla led war parties against the French & their
Native allies, including Shawnee, in the Ohio Valley.
A 12-14 year old boy, told he couldn't go with the war party
unless he could drag the fully-loaded war log canoe on land into the
water. His enthusiasm and endeavors earned him the name "Dragging
Canoe". |
| 1750s |
Atakullakulla captured by the French, taken to Canada,
released. |
| 1753 |
Second (but smaller) devastating smallpox epidemic. Total death
count of nearly half of all Cherokee. |
| 1754 |
The contest between the French and British for control of a New
World empire culminated in the French and Indian War, in which
native alliances became the objects of European military strategy.
English soldiers built Fort Loudoun near present-day Vonore,
Tennessee, in an effort to keep the divided Cherokee loyal. The plan
backfired as Cherokee warriors laid siege to the fort and starved
out its garrison, most of whom were massacred on their march to
captivity. |
| 1763 |
British Proclamation prohibited all westward settlement beyond
the Appalachians. |
| 1763 |
The Keetoowah (meaning "Principal People", Western Cherokee or
Old Settlers), a small group of pro-French Cherokee, after the
French defeat by the British, relocated to northern Arkansas and
southeastern Missouri. [*There weren't "Keetoowahs" then. This
didn't happen. No reason for Cherokee emigration.] |
| 1770s |
Dragging Canoe, headman of the town of Malaqua, a town on
an island in the Little Tennessee River, now inundated by the TVA
Tellico Dam. |
| 1774 |
Watauga Treaty and |
1775
March 17 |
Overhill Cherokee Treaty (Sycamore Shoals) The Transylvania Land
Company aka Henderson Purchase, for most of Kentucky and Middle
Tennessee, led by Richard Henderson of Hillsborough, North Carolina,
the largest private real estate transaction in United States'
history. For the price of 2,000 pounds sterling and 8,000 pounds in
goods (about six wagon loads of goods worth), he purchased 20
million acres of land from the Cherokee Nation that included the
Cumberland River watershed and lands on the Kentucky River (all of
eastern and central Kentucky). During these dealings, the local
settlers "purchased" the right to remain on the Cherokee land that
they were living on in the Watauga settlement. One of the minor
chiefs, Dragging Canoe, opposed to the selling of the
Cherokee ancestral hunting grounds, warned the whites that they were
purchasing a "dark and bloody ground". |
| 1775 |
 |
"Whole Indian Nations
have melted away like snowballs in the sun before the white
man's advance. They leave scarcely a name of our people except
those wrongly recorded by their destroyers. Where are the
Delawares? They have been reduced to a mere shadow of their
former greatness. We had hoped that the white men would not be
willing to travel beyond the mountains. Now that hope is gone.
They have passed the mountains, and have settled upon Tsalagi
(Cherokee) land. They wish to have that usurpation sanctioned
by treaty. When that is gained, the same encroaching spirit
will lead them upon other land of the Tsalagi (Cherokees). New
cessions will be asked. Finally the whole country, which the
Tsalagi (Cherokees) and their fathers have so long occupied,
will be demanded, and the remnant of the Ani Yvwiya, The Real
People, once so great and formidable, will be compelled to
seek refuge in some distant wilderness. There they will be
permitted to stay only a short while, until they again behold
the advancing banners of the same greedy host. Not being able
to point out any further retreat for the miserable Tsalagi
(Cherokees), the extinction of the whole race will be
proclaimed. Should we not therefore run all risks, and incur
all consequences, rather than to submit to further loss of our
country? Such treaties may be alright for men who are too old
to hunt or fight. As for me, I have my young warriors about
me. We will hold our land."
- Chief Dragging Canoe,
Chickamauga Tsalagi (Cherokee) 1775
[recorded by
pro-Cherokee whites?]
[subsequently the Henderson Purchase was repudiated and
negated by both British and American governments. individuals
were not allowed to make land purchases. that right was
withheld by centralized european governments dealing with
tribes as nation-to-nation.] |
|
1776
March 1 |
Dragging Canoe went to Mobile AL to escort 2 British
Commissioners, Cameron (Dragging Canoe's adopted brother), to
bring a pack-train to the Cherokee back to Chota & give the
British line re. the upcoming American Revolution. Dragging Canoe
was in full agreement |
1776
April |
Back at Chota. Alexander Cameron advises Indian neuturality
because there were Loyalists among whites - Indians wouldn't know
the difference. Cameron & Stuart sent letters to whites in the
area. Text was altered to foment anti-Indian sentiment (fear of
attack).
Delegation of northern Indians, predominantly Shawnee
(Cornstalk?), came to Chota requesting a Cherokee alliance against
the American.
Raven of Chota led an attack against the Carter
Valley sentiments - burned houses, but Americans had withdrawn.
Nancy Ward, a "Beloved Woman of the Cherokee, having been a warrior
in her day, forewarned the Americans.
Abram of Chilhowee led the
attack against Fort Wautaugo where Sevier was at the time. Laid
siege, nothing happened, so the Cherokee withdrew.
Dragging
Canoe went against the Holston River settlements, including the
Eton Station fort, but the Americans, forewarned by Nancy Ward, were
prepared and successfully defended themselves. The Cherokee
attacked, Dragging Canoe got shot through both legs; his
brother, Little Owl, also got hit. The Cherokee withdrew for lack of
numbers.
Elders, including Oconostota, wanted to capitulate and
offered a reward of 100 pounds on the heads of Dragging Canoe and
Alexander Cameron. No record of known attempts on their lives.
Dragging Canoe responded by withdrawing from the area and
moved with his people to the Chattanooga area. Joined by survivors
of the Lower Towns of South Carolina. |
1776
July |
700 Chickamauga attacked two American forts in North Carolina:
Eaton's Station and Fort Watauga. Both assaults failed, but the
raids set off a series of attacks by other Cherokee and the Upper
Creek on frontier settlements in Tennessee and Alabama.
The
Wataugans, led by their popular and soon-to-be-famous Indian fighter
John Sevier, repulsed the onslaught and swiftly counter-attacked.
With the help of militia from North Carolina and Virginia, they
invaded the heartland of the Cherokee and put their towns to the
torch. |
| 1776 |
At the outbreak of the American Revolution, leaves father up
north Knoxville way, moves families downriver to Chickamauga &
Chattanooga & Running Water Creeks ... Upper & Lower
Towns.
[At the beginning of the year Dragging Canoe wanted to
attack the American whites, and vice versa. However, most of the
Cherokee were opposed to war. British didn't want indians involved.
Letter was copied, faked, derisive comments about Indians added,
copies circulated to stir up anti-British hate among
Indians.]
Dragging Canoe was very militant. Led an attack
against whites, but didn't have much of a following. Rather than
capitulate with the older men, he and other disillusioned warriors
moved south to Chattanooga and Chickamauge Creeks and became the
warsome Chickamauga wage war against the settlers for the next
twenty years. |
1776
September |
Americans destroyed more than 36 Cherokee towns killing every
man, woman and child they could find. [Rather than killing all the
indians, impromptu slave auctions on site were held to raise money
for the White militia by selling Native women & children.
] |
| 1777 |
Unable to continue resistance, the Cherokee in the area asked
for peace. The Treaties of DeWitt's Corner (May) and Long Island (or
Holston) (July) were signed at gunpoint and forced the Cherokee to
cede almost all of their remaining land in the Carolinas. |
1777
Summer |
Dragging Canoe led raids against American settlers as far
up as southern Virginia - killing whites whenever they could find
them & burning houses. |
| 1778-79 |
Most Cherokee fighters (made up of many half-bloods &
mixed-bloods, predominantly white mix - French, English, Irish,
Spanish & American-born whites, Cherokee, Shawnee, Creek, and
free Blacks) went to Georgia to join the British forces in the
Georgia campaign. |
| 1776-82 |
Cherokee under Dragging Canoe joined the side of Great
Britain in the American Revolution against encroaching white
settlement.
Cui Canacina (Dragging Canoe) and the
Chickamauga refused the Overhill Cherokee Treaty and kept raiding
the new settlements. At the outbreak of the Revolution, the Cherokee
received requests from the Mohawk, Shawnee, and Ottawa to join them
against the Americans, but the majority of the Cherokee decided to
remain neutral in the white man's war. The Chickamauga, however,
remained at war with the Americans and formed an alliance with the
Shawnee. |
| 1779 |
Evan Shelby attacks & burns 11 Chickamauga towns in the
Chattanooga area while Dragging Canoe was in Georgia. Upon
learning of this, Dragging Canoe & men come back, Cameron
with British arms also.
At this time a Shawnee delegation came down to see if the burning
of the towns had broken the Cherokee resistance. Dragging Canoe
assured them that he would keep fighting. Alexander Cameron recorded
Dragging Canoe's speech, "We are not yet conquered."
A group of Cherokee went to the Shawnee to fight with them and to
assure consolidation of will. Likewise, a group of Shawnee,
including Tecumseh's widowed mother, her son, Tecumseh, a boy, and
his triplet brothers, including the later White Prophet, came down.
Their older brother fought with distinction, but was killed a few
years later in the raid on Nashville.
Dragging Canoe then moves Chickamaugans in Lower Town of
Running Water; Breath established Nickajack by Nickajack Cave -
across the river from Little Cedar Mountain. |
| 1780 |
Dragging Canoe rescued the British Col. Brown in the American
Siege of Augusta. Returned home.
The Chickamauga remained hostile
and renewed their attacks against western settlements in Tennessee,
Alabama, and Kentucky. Continued his resistance, attacks Nashville
against Cumberland settlements. |
1781
July |
After more fighting, the forced second Treaty of Long Island of
Holston confirmed the 1777 forced cessions and then took more
Cherokee land. |
| 1782 |
The English give up the war effort and sued for peace.
Dragging Canoe established contact with the Spanish in
Florida and British in Canada and Detroit. |
| 1790 |
Chickamaugans continued action with the Shawnee in the Ohio
Valley: the Ohio Chickamaugans. |
| 1790-94 |
"Little Turtle's War" of the Miami in the Ohio Valley with the
Wyandots, Delaware, Hurons, Mohawks and Dakota. After their initial
victories. From here, they had the unofficial encouragement of the
Spanish governments of Florida and Louisiana and continued attacking
American settlements. One of these incidents almost killed a young
Nashville attorney/land speculator named Andrew Jackson, which may
explain his later attitude regarding the Cherokee. |
1791
January |
Chickamauga Chief Glass/"Catawba Killer" captured James Hubbard
and 16 men building a blockhouse at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, and
released them with a warning not to return. |
1791
November 4 |
Combined force of Chickamaugans, Creek, Anishinabe (Chippewa),
Shawnee, Deleware, Iroquois, Miami, Wynadot and Dakota totally
annihilated the forces of American Gen. Arthur St. Clair at the
Wabash River in Indiana. "St. Clair's Defeat" - the biggest (number
of whites killed) united Native triumph in history. |
1792
February 17 |
Chickamauga Chief Glass and Dragging Canoe's brother,
Turtle At Home, waylaid the John Collingsworth family near
Nashville, killing the father, mother, and a daughter, and capturing
an eight-year-old girl. Returning to Lookout Town (near Trenton,
Georgia), they held a scalp dance, grinding one of the scalps in his
teeth as he performed. Dragging Canoe, recently returned from
Mississippi after meeting with Choctaws, celebrated the occasion so
strenuously that he died the following morning, age ±54.
John
Watts of Will's Town (near Fort Payne, Alabama), became the new
Chickamauaga leader of the united war effort. Cherokee resistance
continued - led a big campaign against settlements in Nashville
(Buchanan Station 1793) and in upper east Tennessee led the combined
Cherokee-Creek attack at Cavett's Station in 1793 in which there
were no white survivors. |
| 1794 |
American victory at Fallen Timbers in the north Ohio Valley.
British failed to support Native allies.
After two years of fighting against the Tennessee militia,
support from other Cherokee declined, and the Chickamauga's resolve
began to weaken. |
| 1794 |
Skirmish near Muscle Shoals in Alabama. |
| 1794 |
Battle at Nickajack. White attack on Nickajack, burned town.
Breath, long-time headman of Nickajack, killed.
Unofficial
militia raid by Col. James Orr of Nashville area took Nickajack by
surprise and killed mostly women and children, took a few captives
back to Nashville. Most men were attending a social function down in
Turkeytown, Alabama. Men wanted pursuit, but were talked out of it
by the families of captives who feared their family members' death.
Nickajack rebuilt. ... Spanish withdrew their support, suggesting
some accommodation with the Americans rather than continue
fighting. |
| 1796 |
Tellico Treaty ended hostilities between USA and Cherokee,
signed by the Chickamauga and leader of the Chickamauga John Watts,
a half-blood, Old Tassel's nephew.
Warfare generally ended
between Cherokee and Chickamauga, although armed resistance by Will
Webber "Red-Haired Will", half-blood who founded Will's Town, and
full-blood Bowl, continued. Webber went west of the Mississippi,
Bowl to Texas. |
| 1799 |
Chickamaugan migration complete. Open warfare between the
Cherokee and Americans ended. |
| 1800 |
James Orr, who led the 1794 expedition that burned Nickajack,
lived in the Knoxville area, went bankrupt, failed in white society.
Went to live among the Indians, ironically, selected Nickajack, and
was accepted, especially after he explored Nickajack Cave and began
mining the cave, producing gunpowder for the Chickamauga. Also
operated a Cherokee tavern there. (Larry's later.) |
| 1803 |
United States gained control of Arkansas and Missouri through
the Louisiana Purchase. Warfare between Cherokee and Osage fairly
common. |
| 1808 |
Over 2,000 western Cherokee established in northern
Arkansas |
| 1817 |
Turkey Town Treaty The first formal recognition of the Western
Cherokee by the United States. Under its terms, 4,000 Cherokee ceded
their lands in Tennessee in exchange for a reservation with the
Western Cherokee in northwest Arkansas. |
| 1817 |
Osage continued to object to the Cherokee presence. Americans
built Fort Smith to maintain peace. |
| 1818-19 |
Calhoun Treaty ceding land north of the Hiwassee River and North
and West of the Tennessee signed by Secretary of War John Calhoun
and Cherokee in Washington and ratified by the U.S. Senate. New
Eastern Cherokee immigration to Western Cherokee. Numbers now 6,000.
The Gloss, John Walker, Path Killer, Going Snake and more signed. ±
Treaty signer John Boggs may have lived at Little Cedar Mountain.
His wife was Turtle At Home's daughter.
Treaty established
boundaries of Cherokee lands in Arkansas Territory. |
| 1824 |
Americans built Fort Gibson to maintain peace between Osage and
Cherokee. |
| 1825 |
White settlers of the Arkansas Territory demanded the removal of
both the Cherokee and Osage. |
| 1828 |
Western Cherokee forced to exchange their Arkansas lands for a
new location in Indian Territory of Oklahoma, and adopted a written
constitution. |
| 1833 |
Boundaries of new Western Cherokee reservation determined. |
| 1835 |
Osage agreed to boundaries of new Western Cherokee lands. |
| 1835 |
Treaty of New Echota in north Georgia. The "Treaty Party" sign
away all land of the Cherokee Nation east of the Mississippi.
Later, upon arrival in Oklahoma, three principle signers: Major
Ridge, John Ridge and Elias Boudinot "Buck Watti", were assassinated
for supporting the 1819 "Old Settlers" in opposition to John Ross'
late arrivals. Period of intense civil war between the Cherokee in
Oklahoma. Sequoyah withdrew from the area and moved to Mexico,
others emigrated to California. |
| 1838 |
All Indians in Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama "removed".
Dragging Canoe's lands are racially cleansed of his and all
other native people. |
|
| 1862-5 |
American Civil War. The Keetoowahs came into being, siding with
the Union and fought against the Cherokees who sided with the
Confederates.
John Ross was a Union supporter and took the
Cherokee treasury to Washington for "safekeeping" where he married a
white woman and lived to the end of his days.
The "Old Settlers"
were primarily pro-Confederate, and the Ross people pro-Union. The
Keetoowah supported the Union.
Confederate General Cherokee
full-blood Stan Watie (Elias Boudinot's brother) was the last
Confederate general to surrender to the Union. He was the Supreme
Confederate Commander in Texas at the time. |
| 1862 |
River ferry, first established by Dragging Canoe's
brother, Turtle At Home, operated at Little Cedar Mountain
(Shellmound) by mixed-bloods Larry, subsequently by a white man
named Love.
Union General Negley drove Confederates out of the
north side area at Battle Creek, through Jasper, to Little Cedar
Mountain. |
| 1862-63 |
Confederates mined saltpeter from Nickajack Cave (south side of
river). Rebel soldiers abandoned it, the largest Confederate
saltpeter mine, escaping over the Sand Mountain to
Chattanooga. |
1863
August |
Major encampment and river-crossing site for the Union Army's
approach to Chattanooga. |
| 1864-65 |
Jasper area under US military control to protect area and ferry
against Rebel insurgency. |
|
... |
| 1913 |
Hales Bar Dam built one mile upstream from Dragging
Canoe's old home at Running Water. |
| 1933 |
US government created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) as a
Depression-era social plan to make fertilizer down in Mussel Shoals,
Alabama, and later expanded their role to control flooding in
Tennessee River valley and provide for rural electrification. |
| 1939 |
TVA purchased Hales Bar Dam, displacing the town of Guild. |
| 1950s |
TVA determined Hales Bar Dam inadequate, plans drawn up for site
six miles downstream and 1 mile below the old town of
Nickajack. |
| 1960s |
TVA acquired property from all surrounding property owners by
eminent domain.
Archaeologists worked to determine the Native
American "cultural resources" in the future reservoir that would be
forever lost. |
| 1964 |
Construction of TVA Nickajack Dam begun. Cedar Mountain
Corporation formed to install a marina, 44 house lots, and hotel.
Plan later given up. |
| 1967 |
TVA Nickajack Reservoir filled. Dragging Canoe's lower
town lands flooded. |
| 1967 |
TVA urged State of Tennessee to develop a state resort park on a
701-acre tract of TVA land known as Tract 3, the land currently in
jeopardy. |
| 1968 |
TVA developed the Shellmound Recreation Area on 81 acres on the
downriver portion of the Tract 3 land in an attempt to boost the
State's interest in expanding the facilities into a resort. |
| 1969 |
Local Shriners create Annual Fall Color Cruise celebration begun
at the Shellmound Recreation Area. |
| 1973 |
State of Tennessee completed a Master Plan for a large-scale
resort park on Tract 3 and subsequently rejected plans. |
| 1987 |
Mandated by federal regulations, TVA initiated the Nickajack
Reservoir Lands Planning project, and as a part of this, solicited
archaeological survey proposals of the entire reservoir. University
of Alabama Office of Archaeological Research conducted a "Cultural
Resources Survey" of Little Cedar Mountain. |
| 1990 |
TVA Board of Directors approved the Nickajack Reservoir Land
Management Plan which identified 638 acres of Tract 1 (below the
dam) for Industrial Use, 701 acres of Tract 3 for Public Recreation
Development, and 39 acres of Tract 4 (the mountain itself) for
Public Recreation Development. Management Plan states that private
sector proposals for development of public recreation facilities on
Tract 3 (the land in question) would be considered with evidence of
financial feasibility. The plan also stated that private residential
or non-recreational commercial development would not be
allowed. |
1995
November 20 |
TVA goes public with a plan for 1,079-acre Outdoor Recreational
Complex that would contain developed & undeveloped areas. |
1995
December 19 |
TN Wildlife Resources Agency writes their opposition to TVA
proposal
strongly urge the property remain as is,
undeveloped |
1996
January 26 |
US Fish & Wildlife Service opposed TVA proposal
strongly
urge the property remain as is, undeveloped |
1996
April |
TVA orchestrated public hearings in Jasper TN: stipulated that
speakers register one-hour in advance of meeting in order to speak.
TVA promised that the public would still have access to the property
and the Shellmound Recreation Area would be unaffected. |
1996
December |
TVA's "Final Environmental Assessment: Recreation Development
Alternatives for the Little Cedar Mountain Tracts, Nickajack
Reservoir, Marion County, Tennessee", by Michael R. Crowson, Lenoir
City TN, published. TVA's Nickajack Little Cedar Mountain
land divided into four sectors with different uses proposed: Tract
1: 638 acres below the dam containing extensive Native burials,
formerly zoned for Industrial Use, now allocated for "wildlife
management over a long-term period"; Tract 3: 701 acres of former
farmland immediately above the dam, previously zoned for "Public
Recreation", changed to "private sector for commercial recreation,
public recreation and residential development", this is the
principle land in immediate jeopardy of development by TVA and Hines
Interests, Limited Partnership of Houston, Texas; Tract 4: 39 acres
of land located between East- and West-bound lanes of Interstate 24
between Chattanooga and Nashville; and Tract 5: the southern section
of the steep Little Cedar Mountain proper which contains
various Native American sites.
TVA Assessment editor Lee Carter writes that ±66% of respondents
on the issue were in favor of the development.
Marion County
Commission voted 14-1 in
favor of development of Little Cedar Mountain (Commissioner
Louin Campbell was the sole opposition vote. |
1997
June 1 |
Sacred Little Cedar Mountain Defense Coalition (SLCMDC)
and Chattanooga InterTribal Association (CITA) members tom kunesh
and Judy Fox discovered an undocumented mound in the middle of
Little Cedar Mountain's Tract 3. The information was to be
kept secret until further confirmation and decision about its
political implications. |
1997
July 5 |
"TN River Band of Chickamauga" demonstrated at TVA headquarters
in downtown Chattanooga, 20-person rally distributed 800 pamphlets
downtown and at the TN Aquarium. Their objective was a phone &
letter-writing campaign to local US Representative Zach Wamp. |
1997
September 7 |
SLCMDC members walked 7 miles from Nickajack Shellmound
Recreation Area to the Marion County Court House in Jasper,
Tennessee, where a 60-person
rally was held. |
1997
September 10 |
Chattanooga Times's editorial "TVA
stumbles on Little Cedar" published. |
1997
October 22 |
SLCMDC member, the Chattanooga
InterTribal Association, issued a press release, scooping the
local media:
| "Little
Cedar Mountain is public land that TVA wants developed. Native
American, environmentalist & local citizen groups oppose
this sale of historical public land for private profit.
TVA says it's currently in negotiations with a chosen
developer, but
won't say who it is. In this message the
Chattanooga InterTribal
Association (CITA) announces TVA's
secret developer as
-= Hines Interests Limited
Partnership =-
and provides you addresses and stories
about them.
this document contains:
Name & local
contacts.
Hines holdings in Texas and
Georgia
News Stories on Hines
Hines Interests Limited Partnership
($7 billion in
assets)
Owner/President Gerald Hines, living in London, England
U.S. Director Kevin Shannahan, Chicago, Illinois
V.P.
(son of P) Jeff Hines, Houston, Texas
Transco Towers 713. 621.8000
2800 Post Oaks
Blvd. 713. 850.8841
Houston TX 77056 fax
713. 850.0733
Little Cedar Mountain Project, Atlanta, Georgia
Project
Director Bob Boyles environmental attorney
Assistant
Director John Hicks 770. 206.5300
Secretary Stacey fax
770. 206.5327
Boyles & Hicks have been to the LCM site. ..."
and
much more data. [ complete
text here ] | |
1997
November |
TVA's Little Cedar Mountain Project Manager Mike Crowson
informed people of a "misunderstanding" about public access to the
Little Cedar Mountain property and recreation area, and that rather,
TVA had always retained that option for the developers. |
1997
November 1 |
TVA for
the first time publicly identified Hines Interests L.P. as the
possible developer of the Little Cedar Mountain project.
TVA's choice of Hines Interests' was earlier identified to the media
by the Sacred Little Cedar Mountain Defense Coalition on 22 October
(see above). |
1997
November 4 |
Jasper Journal reports that Marion County Commission voted 9-6
in favor of Little Cedar Mountain development, largely due to
Crowson's recent disclosure of the "misunderstanding" regarding
public access to Little Cedar Mountain after development. |
1997
December 8 |
First public meeting held in Jasper, Tennessee, since TVA
announced Hines Interests, Limited Partnership, as the developer of
choice. Meeting sponsored by Sacred Little Cedar Mountain
Defense Coalition whose goal is to save Little Cedar Mountain
in Dragging Canoe's honor, to preserve it as the unique
ecological center it has become, to oppose any and all development
plans on Little Cedar Mountain. |
|
|
| sources: |
Raymond Evans, archaeologist & Cherokee
historian, Chattanooga TN
(a past editor of the Journal
of Cherokee Studies. see his essay, "Dragging Canoe" 1977
2(1): 176-189)
"Keetoowah
History and Prophecy," Chief John Ross, United Keetoowah Band of
Cherokee, first Annual Native American Symposium, University of
Arkansas.
Daniel Boone, http://ac.acusd.edu/history/classes/civ/boone.html
Frederick W. Turner III, The Portable North American Indian
Reader: Dragging Canoe, p. 244
Carter County, Tennessee, Genealogy, "Sycamore Shoals" http://www.usit.net/tngenweb/carter/index.html#HISTORY
Lee Sultzman, "Cherokee History, Parts 1 & 2" http://www.dickshovel.com/Cherokee1.html,
/Cherokee2.html
Tennessee History "Struggle for the
Frontier" http://www.state.tn.us/sos/struggle.htm
Tennessee Valley Authority, "Nickajack" brochure on the Nickajack
Dam & Reservoir, Chattanooga, Tennessee, July 1996
Tennessee Valley Authority, "Final Environmental Assessment:
Recreation Development Alternatives for the Little Cedar
Mountain Tracts, Nickajack Reservoir, Marion County, Tennessee",
Michael R. Crowson, Lenoir City, Tennessee, December 1996
Dragging Canoe's speech, The Indigenous Peoples: "Indians"
in North America before the European Invasion through the 19th
century.
Readings: Frederick W. Turner III, The Portable North
American Indian Reader : Dragging Canoe, p. 244
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